4060 floral morphology to understand

a __ consists of highly modified leaves in spirals/whorls at the shoot apex

PURPOSE IS

flower, sexual reproduction

___ - sepals collectively (the outer whorl of a flower)

__ - petals collectively (the inner whorl)

__- stamens collectively (male parts)

__- pistils collectively (female parts)

the perfect flower has __ and __ present

a ___ flower has all four of the above

calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium

androecium, gynoecium

complete

___- the term for BOTH petals and sepals

__ - perianth in two series where the sepals and petals are distinct

___ - perianth in one series petals lacking

__ - perianth segments similar

perianth, biseriate, uniseriate, tepals

__- fusion of like parts

__- fusion of unlike parts

connate, adnate

SYMMETRY

__ - regular (actinomorphic), where you could cut a slice any way and it would be the same

__ - irregular (zygomorphic), where you cut it down the middle and it's a mirror image

radial, bilateral

___ (bisexual)- contains both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive parts

___ (unisexual)- has either male (stamen) or female (pistil) reproductive parts, but not both

___- produces male flowers (staminate flowers)that contain only the male reproductive parts (stamens) for producing pollen

___- produces flowers with only female reproductive parts (pistils/carpels) and no male parts (stamens), making them "female" flowers essential for seed and fruit development

___- a flower lacking both male (stamens) and female (pistils/carpels) reproductive parts, essentially being "sexless" or sterile

perfect, imperfect, staminate, pistillate, neuter

__ - stigmas are receptive before the pollen is shed

__ - anthers shed pollen before the stigmas are receptive

protogyny, protandry

IMPERFECT

__ - staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant

__ - staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants (plants effectively male OR female)

__ - plants have staminate, pistillate, and perfect flowers

monoecious, dioecious, polygamous

___ - male reproductive organ of a flower (__+__)

stamen, filament, anther

___ - collective term for female/seed producing structure of a flower

__- ovule and seed bearing organ, derived from a leaf (these are the BUILDING BLOCKS, flower can have few or many and these can be fused or free)

gynoecium, carpel

___ - the innermost floral organ ( = ovary > style > stigma); comprises 1 or more carpels and flowers can have more than 1 of these

___ - modified leaves bearing ocules on an inner surface (folded lengthwise, enclosing ovules)

__ - open chamber within a flower

___ - where an ovary attaches to the carpel

__ - structure that separates locules

pistil, carpels, locules, placenta, septum

many pistils= __ gynoecium which means they carpels are separated entirely

__ is one ovary with one carpel usually

__ can be multiple carpels and locules

apocarpous, monocarpous, syncarpous

placentation within the ovary can be parietal, __, free central, ___, apical

ovary position can be (3)

axile, basal

superior, wholly inferior, partially inferior

__ - cup/tube formed by fusion of basal portions of sepals, petals, and stamens (floral cup)

superior- hypanthium is not __

partially and wholly- hypanthium is __ to some degree

hypanthium, fused, fused

__ - arrangement of flowers

__ - the stalk of an entire infloresence

__ - the stalk of an individual flower in a inflorescence

___ means oldest at the bottom and youngest going up

__ means oldest at the top and youngest on bottom

flowers, peduncle, pedicel

indeterminate, determinate

___ - flower circles body, age spread

__ __ - opens oldest out, youngest in

__ __- opens youngest out, and oldest in

head

simple umbel

umbelliform cyme

Asteraceae

inflorescence is a __ > resembles single flower but is a __ of many

head, composite

types of florets

__ - actinomorphic (radial/regular), usually perfect

__ -zygomorphic (bilateral, irregular), pistallate or neuter

___ - zygomorphic, perfect

disk, ray, ligulate

pappus types

crown like, scales, bristles, awns