Chemistry - Unit 2

Why do atoms create compounds?

To fill their valence shell

Some atoms steal and some ____ electrons

share

What are Ionic compounds?

electrically neutral compounds with positive and negative ions.

Anions (nonmetals) ____ electrons to attain a full valence shell in an ionic compound

gain

Cations (metals) ____ electrons to attain a full valence shell in an ionic compound

lose

Another name for ionic compounds?

formula units

Ionic compounds are usually IONS _____ + _____

Metal + Nonmetal

Ionic compounds must be charge _____.

balanced

Ionic charge for group 1

+1

Ionic charge for group 2

+2

Ionic charge for group 13

+3

Ionic charge for group 15

-3

Ionic charge for group 16

-2

Ionic charge for group 17

-1

Covalent compounds like to ____ electrons so they both feel like they have a full valence shell

share

We call each covalent compound a _____

molecule

Covalent compounds are _____ + _____

Nonmetals, Nonmetals

Metallic compounds are all the same ____

atom

Metallic compounds create a sea of _____ so they may exchange them and become positively charged.

electrons

The space created by the electrons in metallic compounds allows for _____ and _____ in metals.

bending and stretching

Metallic compounds are bonded by their attraction to the freely moving ______

electrons

When converting a formula to a name, cations _____

keep their normal names

When converting a formula to a name, anions _____

change the ending of their name to “ide”

Polyatomic ions

groups of covalent compounds

Roman numerals are used to _______

identify the charges of metals that don’t always form the same type of cation

Ionic Compound Particle Structure

large three-dimensional lattice structures, gives the lowest whole-number ratio between the two ions.

physical change

a change to matter in which some properties change, but the identity does not. (EX: Water evaporating, melting chocolate)

chemical change

produces matter with a different composition, or a different chemical makeup. (EX: Metal rusting, Wood burning)

Diatomic Elements

an element that is never found by itself in nature. It is always bonded to another like atom. (7 such elements)

Synthesis Reactions

several reactants → ONE product

A + B → AB

Decomposition Reactions

ONE reactant → several products

AB → A + B

Single Replacement Reactions

SINGLE reactant + ionic compound → ionic compound + SINGLE product

AB + C → A + CB or AB + C → AC + B

metal + ionic cmpd → metal +ionic cmpd

nonmetal + ionic cmpd → nonmetal + ionic cmpd

Double Replacement Reactions

TWO ionic compounds swap partners!

AB + CD → AD + CB

Combustion Reactions

Hydrocarbon and oxygen make carbon dioxide and water

hydrocarbon + O2 → H2O + CO2

AB + C → CB + A

If C is more reactive than A…

a reaction will occur!

AB + C → CB + A

If C is less reactive than A…

a reaction will not occur!

What does it mean for something to be aqueous?

If an ionic compound has the state of matter (aq) after it, that means it’s dissolved in solution (or water).

What exactly happens when an ionic compound dissolves in water?

It will separate into individual cations and anions

that are surrounded by water molecules!

Compounds that will not form a solid, are _____________

SOLUBLE

Compounds that will form a solid, are ___________

INSOLUBLE

If the compound is soluble, write

aq

If the compound is insoluble, write

(s)