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Preterm Labor (PTL)

Documented labor occurring between 20 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation.

Early Preterm

Labor that occurs between 24 0/7 weeks - 33 6/7 weeks.

Late Preterm

Labor that occurs between 34 0/7 weeks – 36 6/7 weeks.

Preterm Birth (PTB)

Birth affecting more than 500,000 (~12%) babies annually and a top cause of infant death in the US.

Risk Factors for PTL

History of preterm birth, multiple gestation, short cervical length, infections, smoking, demographic factors, and mental health issues.

Tocolytic therapy

Prophylactic treatment aimed at preventing preterm labor.

Symptoms of PTL

Palpable contractions, pelvic/vaginal pressure, backache, contractions, and increased vaginal discharge.

FFN (Fetal Fibronectin)

A test used to assess risk for preterm labor; negative predictive value is important to consider.

Diagnosis of PTL

Requires documented contractions along with either rupture of membranes or cervical changes.

Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PROM)

Rupture of membranes before the onset of labor, potentially caused by various physiological and pathological mechanisms.

PPROM (Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes)

Rupture of membranes before 37 weeks gestation; diagnosed through history, physical exam, and possibly ultrasound.

Antenatal APRN Role

Involves assessing risk for PTL/PTB, evaluating for conditions, counseling, and collaborating with physicians.