4.8: Earth’s geography and climate

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5 Terms

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Geographic factors that affect climate

Elevation
Proximity to large bodies of water
Rain shadow effect of mountains

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Elevation

increasing altitude⬆ = temp. decrease⬇

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Proximity to large bodies of water

Temperatures are more moderate/less extreme
When there is a lot of heat energy the water warms up.
- This makes the air slightly cooler than it would be without the water nearby.
When there is less energy incoming, the water starts to release the heat that is stored. This will warm the land.

<ul><li><p><span>Temperatures are more moderate/less extreme</span></p></li><li><p><span>When there is a lot of heat energy the water warms up. </span></p><ul><li><p><span>This makes the air slightly cooler than it would be without the water nearby. </span></p></li></ul></li><li><p><span>When there is less energy incoming, the water starts to release the heat that is stored. This will warm the land.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Lake Effect

As the cold air passes over unfrozen waters, warmth and moisture is transferred into the lowest portion of the atmosphere resulting in more precipitation (snow and rain)

Affects the great lake region with great frequency.

<p><span>As the cold air passes over unfrozen waters, warmth and moisture is transferred into the lowest portion of the atmosphere resulting in more precipitation (snow and rain)</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Affects the great lake region with great frequency.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Rain Shadows

A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side.