Introduction to Western Civilization: The 1600s

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the introduction of Western civilization, focusing on political systems, notable figures, and economic theories from the 1600s.

Absolutism

A form of government where the monarch holds absolute power over all aspects of life.

Constitutionalism

A system of government where power is divided between the government and the governed, often with representatives.

Louis XIV

Known as the Sun King, the absolute monarch of France who controlled politics, culture, and the military.

Peter the Great

The Russian monarch who aimed to modernize and Westernize Russia during his reign.

The Netherlands

A constitutional state in the 1600s, known for its shipbuilding and mercantile economy.

Stuart Family

The royal family that ruled England in the 1600s, including key figures like James I and Charles I.

Hanover Dynasty

The royal line that succeeded the Stuart family in England after Queen Anne's reign.

Mercantilism

An economic practice aimed at enriching the state by regulating trade and commerce.

Capitalism

An economic system that promotes individual entrepreneurship and freedom in the marketplace.

Glorious Revolution

The bloodless takeover of the English throne by William and Mary, marking the transition towards constitutional monarchy.

Prussia

A powerful German state characterized by a strong military and absolute monarchy; the nucleus of modern Germany.

Junkers

The Prussian aristocracy known for their significant influence and land ownership.

Thirty Years' War

A protracted conflict in Europe involving many powers, with France engaging to counter Habsburg dominance.

Ottoman Empire

A vast Islamic empire that controlled Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa until it declined in the 17th century.

The Sick Man of Europe

A term used to describe the declining Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.