Pols 207: Ch.7 TAMU-Lim

who formed the first interest group?

founding fathers to ratify constitution after realizing that resisting fractions was unsuccessful

what were the advantages and disadvantages of keeping inexpensive goods out of the country in the late 1700s?

-profitable company

-regional division b/w agricultural south and north america

pressure groups/interest groups

organize interest to exert influence to be best reflected in public policy

T/F public support and funds are necessary/sufficient for public policy victories?

false

when is organization most likely?

when opposing views are both minority views

T/F small groups with no resources achieve little by organization?

true

T/F small wealth groups are successful due to them having more money?

true

effective organization

interest groups use money to offset lack of voting support

what distinguishes an interest group from political parties?

size

T/F large numbers win

true

which group was the first political party?

federalists

legislative organization

political parties to organize within legislature in order to pass laws

electoral organizations

party activities appealing to voters and contest/winning elections

Jeffersonian republics

2nd political party

-resist centralized gov't

which group was the first to organize to win elections?

jeffersonian republic

the modern democrat party traces it's roots back to ...

jeffersonian republic

what are political parties slow to change?

previous views they believe 1st made them victorious

what led to the positions of the two political parties?

-politics of ratifying the constitution

-civil war

-machine politics

-the new deal

-role reversal and hyper-partisanship

-lack of local competition

which areas of commerce wanted the constitution ratified?

-boston

-philly

-NY

-baltimore

who saw the new constitution as a threat?

inland areas (farmers)

-antifeds (rural district)

which state has a close mix of voting when it came to the population in the mercantile and rural areas?

MA

which war ended state and local party competition?

civil war

what did the death and emotion that followed the civil war and reconstruction do?

divided the country into the republican north and democratic south

out of the north and south why did the republicans dominate the presidency?

b/c the north had a larger population

what was the effect of immigration after 1850 as well as urban areas need for municipal services?

party competition returned in the north

why were the immigrants so receptive to ward heelers that promised them services?

the civil war meant nothing to them so didn't necessarily take sides

city and local levels underwent a shift from republicans winning to ...

machines winning

which party did machines label themselves?

democratic but had no ties to the political party in the south

what was the first organization to use issues from like-minded individuals to organize and get supporters elected to pass desired policies?

political parties

what issues did machine supporters focus on?

local issues

why did the south remain noncompetitive at the state/local level?

they had little industrialization and urbanization until after WW2

why did FDR make a coalition of the north and south who identified as democrats?

to relieve unemployment in the great depression which only changed the competitiveness of the presidency

what was the definition of a democrat when it came to the new deal?

they were classified as a supporter of the new deal rather than a southerner

describe the change of federal programs during the new deal..

federal programs expanded from borrowing money to finance them

-this resulted in the increasing size of the cumulative federal budget

from 1933-1969 each president was a democrat except..

eisenhower '53-61'

in addition to the new deal, what else did republicans oppose?

civil rights

although most of the southern states opposed the new deal and civil rights...

they continued the post war pattern of voting democrat

which political party passed the civil rights act of 1964 and the voting rights act of 1965?

democrats

while the democrats were achieving key domestic policy goals, who were they waging war with?

vietnam

along with the increasing pace of civil rights, what happened to the democrats as the war waged with vietnam?

their coalition weakened as well as their ability to win elections

what was the result of the weakened democrat coalition from the waging war with vietnam?

republicans used the advantage to bring southerner democrats with the shared views to the republican party

which president's southern strategy to win changed the dynamics of federal elections?

nixon

how long have the republicans occupied the white house?

approx 28 years

what accounts for the victories of both parties?

economic disruptions and costly military actions

after the vietnam war, what did the republicans support?

increased military funding and action

which president shrunk the size/role of the fed gov't?

reagan

which president reduced federal regulation of the private sector and devolved federal authority to state/local gov't?

reagan

what was reagan against?

increasing nat'l debt

what did reagan believe in ?

reducing tax rates

what was the main goal achieved by reagan?

encouraging greater military spending to achieve peace

what was the result of reagan lowering federal income tax rates for businesses and people in the highest income tax bracket?

payroll tax increased shifting the tax burden from business to payroll income

what did reagan call his opponents?

tax and spend democrats

what expanded under reagan?

the federal deficit and debt

what resulted in the tax increase from H.W bush?

the number of federal employees declined

under which president did the federal budget surplus?

clinton

what 3 factors produce hyper-partisanship?

-gerrymandering

-media

-congress

gerrymandering

an advantage to the majority

which 3 factors are used to predict how people vote?

-zipcode

-census block

-household

who is driven by hyper-partisan media?

core voters

who is the partisan basis of the media aimed at?

conservatives

when did the republicans gain control of both the house and senate?

after the midterm election of clinton

who eliminated bipartisan cooperation by limiting republican and democrat social interaction

gingrich

what is another factor that produces hyper-partisan behavior?

primary elections

which areas are rarely competitive?

local

what prevents the creation of competitive districts?

partisan elected officials choosing boundaries

political parties want to _____ and not compete

win

which districts support the dominant party?

local (rural)

which two countries have more than two political parties?

italy and france

why do italy and france have more than two political parties?

they struggle to form the coalition to govern and needed to aciheve majority in parliament to establish a gov't

what may threaten a democracy?

having multiple political parties

what is a good fortune of having two major political parties?

one issue is faced at a time

-dualism

how does a 3rd party get on the general election ballot if they don't have primaries?

a signed petition by registered voters

what weakens major political parties by taking away candidates?

primary elections

b/c of the electoral college..

distribution of electoral support is important in presidential elections

b/c of partisan gerrymadering...

distribution of electoral support is important in both house and state legislative elections

political party identification is passed down from parent to..

child

since party identification is passed down from parent to offspring, 3rd parties..

have to try to convey adults

T/F the great depression and civil war conveyed the party identification of adults

true

almost all two party democracies are

anglo/english by heritage

what are the anglo heritage countries?

-us

-uk

-new zealand

-canada

-australia

where do english heritage democracies come from?

the roman catholic church

how many political parties do non anglo countries usually have?

3

what are some examples of non anglo political parties?

-communist party

-german green party (environment)

T/F political parties were much stronger than they are today

true

T/F political parties are branches of gov't

false

why are political parties unusual in democracies?

they are traced back to reform efforts to undo machine politics

what are 5 state laws regulating political parties?

-defining membership (register as R/D)

-define formal party organization and membership

-allow access to state election ballot or deny if party lacks popular support

-providing procedures for nominating candidates and holding primaries

-restricting campaign financing or providing public funds

what weakened political parties?

primaries and new style campaigns paid for by interest groups

legislative caucus

elected state legislatives could meet/select candidates of party for all seats including those held by the opposite party

what are legislative caucuses centered on?

constituents in such districts with little say

party conventions

give average party member more say in candidate selection

what replaced legislative cuauses

party conventions

what was the ultimate reform?

primary elections

primary elections

allows public say at the expense of not allowing most active members to pick

what was the result of the low turnout at primary elections?

few were able to pick their preferred candidate that may not hold values supported by the supporters in the general election

what two factors define primary election systems?

-ballots

-when choices are made

in which 3 states does the primary ballot contain the names of all candidates identification by party?

-CA

-WA

-LA

what does the distinction between the major and minor party involve?

the minimum number of votes based on those from earlier statewide office and governor

which 3 states have elections prior to the GE that doesn't choose the GE candidates from each major party?

-CA

-WA

-LA

which state has a two-round election?

LA