Healthy Pop- Vaccination Protocols

Block 3

What is passive immunity?

host receives antibodies that it did not produce itself

How can a host receive passive immunity?

maternal antibodies transferred via the placenta or milk

How long does passive immunity last?

temporary, immunity is lost once they are gone

What is active immunity?

host’s own immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen

How can a host receive active immunity?

natural infection or vaccination

How long does active immunity last?

long-lasting

What regulates vaccines?

USDA APHIS Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB)

What is complete immunity?

vaccine prevents the animal from becoming infected and developing the disease, regardless of the dose of exposure

What is partial immunity?

vaccine may not prevent infection but it reduces the severity of disease if animal is exposed

What are some examples of vaccines that give complete immunity?

Rabies, Canines Parvovirus, and Feline Panleukopenia

What are some examples of vaccines that give partial immunity?

Bordetella, Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

What are inactivated vaccines?

contain the entire infectious agent that has been rendered non-infectious through chemical or physical treatment

What are some advantages of inactivated vaccines?

very stable during storage and handling

cannot replicate in the host

What are some disadvantages of inactivated vaccines?

an adjuvant is required to increase efficacy and duration of immunity

higher rate of local vaccine reations

require at least doses (usually 2-6 weeks apart)

What are subunit vaccines?

they contain only specific, purified parts (antigens) of the agent

What are modified-live vaccines?

contain a love, weakened (attenuated) version of the pathogen

What are the advantages of a modified-live vaccine?

elicit a faster immune response

effective with a single dose, though a second is recommended

provide a longer duration of immunity compared to killed vaccines

less likely to cause inflammatory reactions

What are disadvantages of a modified-live vaccine?

have the potential to revert to virulence and cause mild disease

more sensitive to improper storage and handling

What are recombinant live vaccines?

take genes that code for key antigens from a dangerous pathogen and insert them into harmless non-pathogenic agent

What is the window of susceptibility?

when the maternally derived antibodies (MDA) is too low to protect the animal from real infection but still high enough to block MLV vaccine from working

What is the protocol for puppies and kittens to overcome their MDA?

given a series of vaccinations (every 2-4 weeks until 16-20 weeks of age)

What is herd immunity?

when a large proportion of a population is immune to a disease, the chain of transmission is disrupted

What are feline injection-site sarcomas?

adverse event in cats when aggressive tumors can develop at the site of injection

What are the core vaccines for equines?

rabies, tetanus, eastern equine encephalitis (eee), western equine encephalitis (wee), and west nile virus (wnv)

When are core vaccines administered for adult equines?

annually, with EEE/WEE and WNV given in the spring before the peak vector season

When should pregnant mares be vaccinated?

4-6 weeks before foaling

What two vaccines only have one safe option for pregnant mares?

rabies and WNV

When should foals be vaccinated for rabies if their mother was vaccinated?

2 dose series between 4-6 months of age (4-6 weeks apart)

When should foals be vaccinated for rabies if their was unvaccinated?

1 dose between 4-6 months of age

When should foals be vaccinated for tetanus if their mother was vaccinated?

3 dose series starting at 4-6 months of age (dose 1 & 2 given 4-6 weeks apart , 3rd given at 10-12 months)

When should foals be vaccinated for tetanus if their mother was unvaccinated?

3 dose series starting at 3-4 months of age (dose 1 & 2 given 4-6 weeks apart, 3rd given at 10-12 months)

When should foals be vaccinated for EEE/WEE?

2 dose series starting at 4-6 months (4-6 weeks) 3rd dose required at 10-12 months

When should foals be vaccinated for WNV if their mother was vaccinated with a whole virus vaccine?

3 doses starting at 4-6 months (4-6 weeks), 3rd dose required at 10-12 months

When should foals be vaccinated for WNV if their mother was vaccinated with a canary or flavivirus vaccine?

3 doses strating at 4-6 months (4 weeks) 3rd dose required at 10-12 months

When should foals be vaccinated for WNV if their mother was unvaccinated?

3 dose series starting at 3-4 months, prior to vector season ( 4 weeks between 1st & 2nd dose, 8 weeks for 3rd dose)

What are bovine core vaccines?

IBRV

BVDV

PI3

BRSV

Clostridial vaccines

What type of vaccines should pregnant bovines receive?

killed virus vaccines