Neisseriaceae

Review well < 3

• Catalase (+) cocci/diplococci and Oxidase (+)

• Kidney-bean shaped

• fastidious, between 32-37 C

• Catalase (+) cocci/diplococci and Oxidase (+)

• Kidney-bean shaped

• fastidious, between 32-37 C

Neisseria spp.

Transmitted from person to person:

• sexually transmitted

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Transmitted from person to person:

• respiratory droplets

N. meningitidis

Virulence Factors:

• Receptors for human transferrin

• Capsule (________)

• Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or endotoxin

N. meningitidis

Virulence Factors:

Pili (fimbriae)

• T1 and T2 ___________

With Pili & virulent forms

Virulence Factors:

Pili (fimbriae)

• T3 through T5 _________

Without Pili & avirulent

Virulence Factors:

What cell membrane proteins is this?

• forms channels for nutrients to pass into and waste products to exit the cell

Protein I (Por)

What type of Por is N. meningitidis?

Por A & Por B

What type of Por is N. gonorrhoeae?

Por B

Virulence Factors:

What cell membrane proteins is this?

• facilitate the adherence to phagocytic and epithelial cells

Protein II (Opa)

Virulence Factors:

What cell membrane proteins is this?

• blocks the bactericidal effect of host IgG

Protein III (reduction modified protein [Rmp] )

Virulence Factors: What are the species on this?

• Immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease that cleaves IgA on mucosal surfaces

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, & H. influenzae

Virulence Factors:

What type of Other Proteins is this?

• a surface exposed protein that is heat modifiable like Opa

Lip (H8)

Virulence Factors:

What type of Other Proteins is this?

• expressed when the available iron supply is limited

Fbp (ferric-binding protein)

• Not part of the normal flora

• Slow growing organism (aerobic)

• oxidize only glucose

• require arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil

• agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea

• Only found on mucous membranes of genitalia, anorectal area, oropharynx, or conjunctiva at time of infection

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• acute pyogenic infection of nonciliated columnar and transitional epithelium

• acquired through sexual contact

• occur primarily in the urethra, endocervix, anal canal, pharynx, and conjunctiva

• Incubation Period: 2-7 days

Gonorrhea

Meaning of “Flow of seed”

Gonorrhea

Meaning of “The clap”

French word clapoir meaning “brothel”

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Clinical Infections:

Newborns: ______________- gonococcal eye infection.

Ophtalmia neonatorum

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Specimen of Choice:

Men: _________

Women: _________

Men: urethra

Women: endocervix

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

How many cm is preferred for Swabs: Dacron or rayon swabs?

2 cm

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

How many cm is inhibitory for Calcium alginate and cotton swabs?

4-5 cm

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Meaning of JEMBEC

James E. Martin Biological Environmental Chamber

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Culture

Medium of Choice: _________

Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood

not growing on sheep blood agar (SBA/BAP)

Choc Agar

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Incubation

How many hours?

48-72 hrs

It is small, grayish white, convex, translucent, shiny colonies with either smooth or irregular margins and a gram-negative diplococci

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Definitive Identification (Oxidase Test)

• How do you know if the test is positive?

Purple color within 10 seconds

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Definitive Identification (Carbohydrate Utilization)

• pH indicator: ___________

• Result: Acid- ____________ produced in 24-72 hours

pH indicator: Phenol Red

Result: Acid- Yellow Color

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Chromogenic Substrates

• ___________: detect enzymes that hydrolyze colorless substrates and produce colored end products

• Only strains that are isolated on selective media should be tested

Gonocheck II

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

Immunologic Assays

• Coagglutination and fluorescent antibody testing

• do not require pure or viable organism

• N. gonorrhoeae attached to killed Staphylococcus aureus cells

• Positive: ____________

Agglutination

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laboratory Diagnosis

What is the meaning of MALDI-TOF-MS?

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

• Part of the normal flora

• commensal as well as an invasive pathogen

• MOT: close contact with respiratory droplet secretions

• Serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135: account for most cases of disease in the world

• Capsule: Sialic acid moieties

• Incubation period: 1-10 days

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis

Clinical Infections

Fulminant Meningococcemia

• what is the hemorrhage in the adrenal glands?

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Neisseria meningitidis

Clinical Infections

What is the Direct Microscopic Examination of this?

intracellular and extracellular gram-negative diplococci

Medium, smooth, round, moist, gray to white; encapsulated strains are mucoid; may be greenish cast in agar underneath colonies

Neisseria meningitidis

• Oxidase Positive

• Carbohydrate methods- uses glucose and maltose

• Molecular Techniques

• MALDI-TOF

Neisseria meningitidis

Commensal Neisseria Species

• glucose negative in CTA sugars

• grows on SBA/BAP

• reduction of nitrate and negative DNase reaction- to differentiate from M. catarrhalis

• lack of yellow pigment production- to differentiate from Neisseria flavescens

Neisseria cinerea

Commensal Neisseria Species

• found in the nasopharynx of infants and children

• glucose + maltose + lactose

• only Neisseria species that uses lactose

• can exhibit delayed lactose utilization and be confused with N. meningitidis

• lactose utilization or positive ONPG reaction

• detect organism that can utilize lactose slowly

• Positive result: Yellow

Neisseria lactamica

Commensal Neisseria Species

• large, often adherent to the agar, and very mucoid

• documented to cause pneumonia in children

• same carbohydrate pattern as N. sicca and N. subflava biovar perflava

• ability to reduce nitrite to nitrogen gas

• lack of pigment production

Neisseria mucosa

Commensal Neisseria Species

• dry, wrinkled, adherent, and breadcrumb-like

• sicca means “ dry “

• cause infection endocarditis

• a variant of N. mucosa

Neisseria sicca

Commensal Neisseria Species

What is the two most common Neisseria spp. found in the respiratory tract of adults?

N. sicca & N. subflava biovar perflava

Commensal Neisseria Species

• less yellow

• part of the upper respiratory microbiota

• cause serious infections, such as bacteremia, meningitis, and septicemia

• resemble N. meningitidis infection, including septic shock, petechial hemorrhage, and purpura

• reduced sensitivity to penicillin, cefixime, and ciprofloxacin

Neisseria subflava

Commensal Neisseria Species

• contains three subspecies- elongata, glycolytica, and nitroreducens

• commensals in the upper respiratory tract

• opportunistic pathogens

Neisseria elongata

Nomenclature:

Neisseria elongata

Subspecie elongata

Commensal Neisseria Species

• normal oral microbiota in dogs

• found in humans in infections following dog bites

• Catalase Positive (bacilli)

• does not produce acid from any of the carbohydrates

• does not reduce nitrate but does reduce nitrite to gas

• weakly phenylalanine deaminase positive

• Rare cases of septicemia in immunocompromised patients have been reported

• sensitive to penicillin

Neisseria weaveri

Three genera- Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and Psychrobacter

• isolated only from humans

• third most common cause of acute otitis media and sinusitis in children

• oxidase and catalase positive

• Asaccharolytic- does not utilize carbohydrates

• Tributyrin- is used as the substrate to detect butyrate esterase activity

Moraxella catarrhalis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Laboratory Diagnosis

Colonial Morphology

• smooth, opaque, gray-to-white colonies

• ____________- remains intact when pushed across the plate with a loop

Hockey puck

Moraxella catarrhalis

Laboratory Diagnosis

Older colonies:

___________ appearance

Wagon-wheel