Parasitology All Labs (BMS171)

Parasitology labs. goodluck

Flattened unsegmented leaf-like = Trematodes

Flattened segmented tape-like = Cestodes

Cylindrical rounded unsegmented = Nematodes

Adult Taenia worm in Jar

Adult Ascaris in jar

Cross section in Ascaris male

Cross section in Ascaris female

Miracidium

Miracidium of schistosomes

Sporocysts
Arrow: Daughter sporocysts

Sporocyst
Arrow: Redia

Redia

Leptocercus cercaria: with Simple tail

Lophocercus cercaria: tail is surrounded by a membrane

Furcocercus cercaria: with forked tail

Microcercus cercaria): tail is a a knob like structure

Encysted metacercaria

Encysted metacercaria

Encysted metacercaria

Cysticercoid

Cysticercus larva

Fasciola Adult

Snail Intermediate host of Fasciola spp, what is it called?

Lymnaea cailliaudi

Dextral, Thin, fragile Prominent apex Short spire, few whorls Aperture 2/3 of length Fresh water IH of Fasciola gigantica Surface feeder Susceptible to molluscicides

Snail Intermediate host of Fasciola spp, what is it called?

Lymnaea truncatula

Dextral, Thin, fragile Prominent apex Few whorls Aperture 1/2 of length IH of Fasciola hepatica Fresh water Surface feeder Susceptible to molluscicides

Fasciola Egg (diagnostic stage)

Oval Thin 150 x 70 µ Yellow immature Operculated

Fasciola Egg (diagnostic stage)

Oval Thin 150 x 70 µ Yellow immature Operculated

Leptocercus cercaria: with Simple tail

Fasciola encysted metacercaria (infective stage)

Schistosoma

Schistosoma haematobium male

Schistosoma haematobium male

Schistosoma mansoni male

Schistosoma mansoni male

Schistosoma haematobium adult female

Schistosoma haematobium adult female

Schistosoma mansoni adult female

Schistosoma mansoni adult female

Snail Intermediate hosts of Schistosoma spp

Bulinus truncatus

Sinistral Blunt apex with shoulder With umbilicus IH of Schistosoma haematobium Fresh water Various level of water Susceptible to molluscicides

Snail Intermediate hosts of Schistosoma spp

Biomphalaria alexandrina

Sinistral Discoid IH of Schistosoma mansoni Fresh water Surface feeder Susceptible to molluscicides

Schistosoma Egg, Terminal Spine

Shape: oval
Shell: Thin
Color: Colorless
Content: Mature with fully formed miracidium
Pass in urine, rarely in stool

Schistosoma Egg, Lateral Spine

Shape: oval
Shell: Thin
Color: Yellow
Content: Mature with fully formed miracidium
Pass in STOOL, rarely in urine

Furcocercus cercaria (infective stage) of schistosoma

Furcocercus cercaria (infective stage) of schistosoma

Scolex of cestoda - Pseudophyllidea
arrow pointing at Bothria

Scolex of cestoda - Cyclophyllidea
arrow pointing at suckers

Scolex of cestoda - Cyclophyllidea
arrow pointing at suckers

4-cup shaped suckers-with rostellum and hooks

Reproductive system of Pseudophyllidea (Mature Segment)

Reproductive system of Cyclophyllidea (Mature Segment)
1- Genital pore
2- Double set of genitalia

Reproductive system of Cyclophyllidea (Mature Segment)

arrows = testis

Reproductive system of Cyclophyllidea
Lateral Branches

Reproductive system of Cyclophyllidea
Lateral Pouches

Reproductive system of Cyclophyllidea
Egg Capsules

Developmental stages of Pseudophyllidea

Egg

Developmental stages of Pseudophyllidea

Coracidium

Developmental stages of Pseudophyllidea

Procercoid

Developmental stages of Pseudophyllidea

Plerocercoid

Developmental stages of Cyclophyllidea

Egg

Developmental stages of Cyclophyllidea

Cycticercus

Developmental stages of Cyclophyllidea

Larva; Hydatid Cyst

Developmental stages of Cyclophyllidea

Cysticercoid

Eggs of Pseudophyllide
Eggs are immature, they are not infective to man

IH of Pseudophyllide
Cyclops

Infective stage of Pseudophyllide
Plerocercoid in fish muscle

Echinococcus granulosus adult

Hydatid sand (Diagnostic Stage of Cyclophyllidea)

Hydatid sand is many miniature tapeworm scolices (heads), these will form adult tapeworms in the DH (dog)

What’s the infective stage of Cyclophyllidea?

Egg

What’s the mode of infection of Cyclophyllidea?

Eating food contaminated by excreta of dogs

Wall of Unilocular Hydatid Cyst

part of wall of Unilocular Hydatid Cyst

Nematode Cylindrical Myosyringata (Muscular oesophagus)

Nematode Club-Shaped Myosyringata (Muscular oesophagus)

Nematode Rhabditiform Myosyringata (Muscular oesophagus)

Nematode Double-bulbed Myosyringata (Muscular oesophagus)

Nematode Cellular Oesophagus Trichosyringata

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Giant Intestinal Roundworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Giant Intestinal Roundworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Giant Intestinal Roundworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides
egg
Diagnostic Stage

Ascaris lumbricoides
egg
Diagnostic Stage

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris, Pinworm)

Female
pointed tail hence the name pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris, Pinworm)

Male
curved ventrally carries a single spicule.

Infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis?

Mature egg (egg containing larva)

Mode of infection of Enterobius vermicularis?

Autoinfection: Ingestion of eggs lodged on contaminated fingers of the infected persons

Ingestion

Inhalation

Retro Infection: Re-entrance of larvae that sometimes hatch from eggs on the peri anal skin to the large intestine

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis

Plano-convex, flattened on one side and curved in the other (D shaped).
Thick colorless shell
Doubly refractive wall
50 x 25 um
Mature, immediately infective

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis

Plano-convex, flattened on one side and curved in the other (D shaped).
Thick colorless shell
Doubly refractive wall
50 x 25 um
Mature, immediately infective

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis

Plano-convex, flattened on one side and curved in the other (D shaped).
Thick colorless shell
Doubly refractive wall
50 x 25 um
Mature, immediately infective

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis

Plano-convex, flattened on one side and curved in the other (D shaped).
Thick colorless shell
Doubly refractive wall
50 x 25 um
Mature, immediately infective

General Characters of Protozoa

1- Food vacuole
2- Nucleus
3- Contractile vacuole
4- Pseudopodium
5- Ectoplasm
6- Endoplasm

1- Nucleus
2- Endosome
3- Ingested RBC
4- Endoplasm
5- Ectoplasm
6- Ingested bacteria
7- Pseudopodium

Reproduction of Protozoa

Asexual: Binary fission

It occurs either longitudinally or transversally. Mitotic division of nucleus is followed by division of the cytoplasm.

Reproduction of Protozoa

Asexual: Multiple fission or schizogony

The nucleus undergoes several successive divisions within the schizont to produce large number of merozoites

Reproduction of Protozoa

Asexual: Endodyogeny

Two daughter cells form within the parent cell —> Ruptures —> the smaller progeny grow to full size before repeating the process

Reproduction of Protozoa

Sexual: Conjugation

where two organisms fuse together and exchange nuclear matter as in Balantidium coli.

Locomotion of protozoa

Flagella

long thread-like cytoplasmic extensions. • Arises in the endoplasm from basal body • Kinetoplast is at the base of the basal body of the flagellum • It consists of a curved, electron-dense structure containing DNA

Locomotion of protozoa

Cilia

Numerous short hair-like threads covering the whole organism. Each arises from a basal granule just below the surface of the cell

Locomotion of protozoa

Pseudopodia

Extension of the ectoplasm followed by the endoplasm resulting in amoeboid movement

Functions: 1- locomotion 2-Engulfing of food

Pseudopodia

Extension of the ectoplasm followed by the endoplasm resulting in amoeboid movement

Functions: 1- locomotion 2-Engulfing of food

Entamoeba histolytica tissue form (Magna form)

It DOSEN’T form precyst or cyst

Entamoeba histolytica lumen form (Minuta form)

It DOES form precyst or cyst

Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica

Rounded with well developed cyst wall, 12-15 µ, it contains 1-4 nuclei, glycogen and chromatoid bodies