sample size
mE ≥ z* (s/√n)
z*
invNorm (area, μ, σ)
1-sample t-interval
x̄ ± t* (s/√n)
p-value
tcdf (lower, upper, df)
1-sample t-test for means
t = x̄-μo/(sx/√n)
1-sample t-test for paired data
t = x̄d - μd/(σd/√n)
confidence interval to estimate the true mean difference
x̄d ± t* √(s₁²/n₁ + s₂²/n₂)
t*
invt (area, df)
1-sample t-interval for paired t-test
t = x̄ - 0/(s₁²/n)