Chapter 2 Test Review

Temperature

The measurement of the kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object.

Second

The frequency of the radiation given off by a cesium-133 atom.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Density

The amount of mass per unit volume.

Meter

The distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1/3.0 × 10⁸ of a second.

Formula for Celsius

Formula for Fahrenheit

Formula for Kelvin

Formula from Kelvin to Celsius

Water displacement method formula

Volume of a Rectangle formula

Density formula

Percent error formula

• Used to determine if an experimental value is accurate

• If the percent is lower than 5%, the measurement is accurate

• If the percent is higher than 5%, the measurement is not accurate

Accuracy

How close a value is to the accepted value.

Precision

How close a series of measurements are to each other.

Significant Figures

Include all known digits plus one estimated digit on measurements.

Rules for how to count sig figs

1. Non zero numbers are always significant

   • Ex: 12.3 = 3 s.f.

2. Zeros betweem non zero numbers are always significant

   • Ex: 109g = 3 s.f.

   • 1000g = 1 s.f.

   • 1000.g = 4 s.f.

3. All final zeros to the right of the decimal are significant

   • Ex: 10.20g = 4 s.f.

   • 9.00 = 3 s.f.

4. Placeholder zeros are not significant. To remove placeholder zeros, rewrite the number in scientific notation.

   • Ex: 0.0024g = 2 s.f.

   • 0.000100g = 3 s.f.

Volume units of solid objects

cm³

Volume units of liquid substances

mL

Density units of solid objects

g/cm³

Density units of liquid substances

g/mL