Psychology Unit 3 Study Guide (Part 1)

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to memory, problem solving, and intelligence in psychology.

Recall

The process of retrieving information from memory without any cues.

Recognition

The process of identifying previously learned information with the help of cues.

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Storage

The maintenance of encoded information over time.

Retrieval

The process of accessing and bringing stored information into conscious awareness.

Short-Term Memory

A type of memory that holds a small amount of information for a brief period.

Long-Term Memory

A type of memory that can store information for extended periods.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to remember the first and last items in a series better than the middle items.

Problem Solving

The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem.

Heuristic

A general strategy or mental shortcut used to simplify problem-solving.

Fixation

An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective, often hindering problem solving.

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Eugenics

The study of or belief in the possibility of improving the human race by selective breeding, associated with Sir Francis Galton.

Psychometrics

The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

Fluid Intelligence

The capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.

Crystallized Intelligence

The ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

A theory that posits several different types of intelligence that are relatively independent of one another.

Triarchic Theory

A theory by Robert Sternberg that identifies three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory

A comprehensive theory of intelligence that combines multiple theories and proposes a hierarchy of cognitive abilities.