AMIND141 Midterm

for Carrico

Little Crow - Death

Death: picking strawberries and got bashed in head by a father and son

Little Crow - Importance

Led Dakota Sioux uprising (Dakota war)

Little Crow - Tribe

Dakota

Spotted Tail - Tribe

Tribe: Brulé chief

Spotted Tail - Importance

Importance: -took stuff on railroad that wasn't his and Red Cloud picked on him and asked to give money back -accused of selling tribal land

Spotted Tail - Death

Death: Shot by Crow Dog on reservation

Sarah Winnemucca - Tribe

Paiute

Sarah Winnemucca - Importance

gave lectures on the problems of the reservations in the 1870's

John Bidwell

introduced an act for government and protection of Indians that ensured vote of male Indians, fishing/hunting rights and land rights

Horace Bell

- ca legislator & bigot
- boasted his ability to slay indians
- wrote memoirs about how colonials americans were superior to the american indians

Antonio Garra - Tribe

chief of San Diego's Cupeno Indians

Antonio Garra - Death

executed in old town

Juan Antonio

Cahuilla leader

Juan Antonio - Importance

turned on Antonio Garra

Chatham Helm

Lived in San Diego and shot at least 1 Indian person but was not found guilty

Benjamin Hayes

first Judge of the district court that served Los Angeles, San Diego and San Bernardino counties in California. San Pasqual

Benjamin Wilson

California Indian Agent appointed by Hayes; with Hayes made first attempt by the federal government to alleviate the growing poverty and despair among Indians in San Diego; care about the Indians

Cave J. Couts

first permanent Indian subagent who replaced Judge Hayes; requested suitable reservations for the Indians

Andrew Jackson

associated with indian removal act

Ulysses Grant

associated with the peace and force policy

Abraham Lincoln

associated with mankato event

William Apess

activist of mixed Pequot descent, a leader, reminded people this is land of Native American, His autobiography was among the first published by a Native American writer

John Ross

-joined confederacy (opposite of watie)
-wanted to be general but unable due to no military experience, no major battles
-captured

Stand Watie

-only native general in civil war
-admired by north & south, led Cherokee, muskogee, seminole troops
-fought union army at pea ridge

Mohongo - Tribe

Osage

Mohongo - Importance

taken to Europe with her husband as "show Indians"

Ohiyesa english name

\

Charles Eastman native name

Ohiyesa

Charles Eastman - Tribe

(Santee Dakota)

Charles Eastman - Importance

"one of the most prolific authors and speakers on Sioux ethnohistory and American Indian affairs." -became increasingly active in politics and issues on native American rights -helped found the Boy Scouts of America and YMCA -considered the first Native American author to write American history from the Native American point of view.

Genocide

mass murder including women and children

What is race to Carrico?

We are all just one race, the human race

Trail of Tears

4,000 people died

Garra Revolt

Tried to make Indians pay taxes with no representation and caused big uprising, garra tried to gather tribes all over California to fight

Mankato Event

-Largest public execution in American history
-38 Dakota men hung
-was going to be more but Lincoln stepped in and reduced number greatly

Dakota War

-Led by Little Crow
-Government didn't feed/protect Dakota sioux so they killed and took many hostages (mostly women and children) for food

The 5 civilized tribes

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole

6 Tribes of the Great Plains

Cheyenne, Sioux, Crow, Blackfoot, Pawnee, Kiowa

Indenturement

close to slavery, whites did this to Indians by paying their debts

Was the correlation in alcohol and violence/sexual abuse in San Diego ?

Yes, there was correlation

California State Statutes 1850 Ch 3 Section 6 and Section 11

Complaints may be made before a Justice of the Peace, by white persons or Indians, but in no case shall a white man be convicted on any offence upon the testimony of an Indian.

Ethnic Cleansing in Texas

Mexican army would wipe out all tribes even tho ones that were innocent

Common School Act of 1855 vs 1860

said that Indians can attend public schools only if they had property taxes then it said they can't attend at all

How many Indian Treaties in California?

18 (2 in San Diego)

What county has the most reservations in the US?

San Diego County

Who signed the Treaty of Temecula?

Luiseño

Who signed the Treaty of Santa Ysabel?

Diegueno (kumeyaay)

How many treaties in California were ratified by Congress?

None

Worcester v Georgia

supreme court said Georgia cannot enforce American laws on Cherokee nation

Ex Parte Crow Dog Decision

federal government imprisoned crow dog for killing spotted tail but Supreme Court said they they had no jurisdiction since it was on the same reservation between the same tribe

The Dawes Allotment Act of 1887

tribal land should be broken up and given to males of the family
-resulted into detribalization
-kumeyaay did NOT vote for allotment
-luiseno pala and more did not for allotment

President Grant's Peace and Force Policy

Gave indian reservations then took it back after rumors

Red Cloud - Tribe

oglala/lakota

Red Cloud - Role

chief/leader of tribe

Red Cloud - Importance

Ft. Laramie treaty which guarantees land-went to New York and some tribes thought he was giving up

Red Cloud - Death

Old age

Crazy Horse - Tribe

oglala/lakota

Crazy Horse - Role

war chief

Crazy Horse - Importance

Saw vision of soldiers falling from sky

\-handsome but no pictures

\-did the right of passage fast and picked up 5 pony and women

\-'white man's gun cannot kill me'

Crazy Horse - Death

Death: in captivity by a us army soldier in fort Robinson, Nebraska

Sitting Bull - Tribe

hunkpapa

Sitting Bull - Role

visionary and healer

Sitting Bull - Importance

widely respected native american -had visions that were not about the future and saw white soldieries on prairie very white (lb horn)

Dull Knife - Tribe

Cheyenne

Dull Knife - Role

Leader

Dull Knife - Importance

went to war after sand creek massacre -imprisoned but escaped at fort Robinson -went to Montana to live the rest of days with red cloud

Dull Knife - Death

natural causes

Pretty Nose - Tribe

Cheyenne

Pretty Nose - Role

Warrior

Pretty Nose - Importance

fought in lb horn and could run really fast before the men could reload, very respected

Little Wolf - Tribe

Cheyenne

Little Wolf - role

leader/war chief

Little Wolf - Importance

\-Escaped capture several times (believed he could vanish)

\-signed Treaty of Ft. Laramie

\-fled to Montana and stayed there peacefully

Little Wolf - Death

Old age

Quanah Parker - Tribe

Comanche

Quanah Parker - Role

Leader appointed by the government but didn't want burden

Quanah Parker - Importance

Cynthia Parker and Comanche

\-had many wives

\-founded American Indian Church

\-fought in major battles against Mexican and US Army

Black Kettle - Tribe

Cheyenne

Black Kettle - Role

Chief

Black Kettle - Importance

wanted peace and a reservation for his people

Black Kettle - Death

killed in massacre of Washita with wife

Big Foot - Tribe

Lakota

Big Foot - Role

leader in 1890

Big Foot - Importance

was in massacre at wounded knee

Big Foot - Death

freezing to death

Standing Bear - Tribe

Ponca from Nebraska

Standing Bear - Role

Traditional leader and civil rights advocate

Standing Bear - Importance

sued the federal government for not letting him get his son buried to nebraska and won the case -"I am a man, my blood is red like yours"

Standing Bear - Death

oral cancer peacefully

Geronimo (Goyathaya)

Mescalero Apache (arizona territory)

Geronimo (Goyathaya) - Importance

-family was massacred and then started to fight against Mexican army then Americans when they bought the state -surrendered and went to Florida to work in 'Wild West' shows

Geronimo (Goyathaya) - Death

fell from his horse (natural)

Captain Jack (Kintpuash) - Tribe

Modoc

Captain Jack (Kintpuash) - Role

Leader

Captain Jack (Kintpuash) - Importance

Forced on Klamath reservation but refused and murdered general Canby + others

Captain Jack (Kintpuash) - Death

Hanged, head was sent to Smithsonian

Olegario Calac - Tribe

Tribe: Luiseño

Olegario Calac - Importance

wanted to establish reservations for his people

Manual Cota

Luiseño who vied for power and authority against Olegario Calac

George Custer

role: became a general during civil war but left army as a colonel
importance: killed all his men in little big horn because he had a big ego (267 men)-handsome
-against Sioux and Cheyenne but he employed Crow scouts