Latin America Test

What did the Haitian Revolution use as a model

American and French Revoutions

Colony

territory settled and ruled by people from another land

Viceroys (Peninsulares)

Officals appointed by the Spanish monarch to rule the American colonies; typically had the highest status

Mestizos

Offspring of European and native Latin Americans; had the lowest staus in society

Secularism

The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions

Coup d’ etat

The forcible overthrow of a government

Colonization

the action or process of setting among and establishing control over the Indigenous

Conquistadors

a conquer in spanish; a leader in the spanish conquests of America,Mexico, and Peru in the 16th century

Creoles

People of European descent, but born in the Americas; typially had lower status

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride and devotion to one country

Realpolitik

Realistic politics based on the needs of the state

Balance of power

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one moion from becoming too strong (doctrine that meant most nations in Europe had equal power and influence)

Mulattoes

A person of mixed white and black ancestry especially a person with one black and one white parent

Father Miguel de Hidalgo

Called Father of mexican independence for issuing Grito de Dolores which sporked the revolution aganist Spanish colonial rule. Wanted to abolish slavery in Mexico and led a big peasant army (Established their own independent country afterthrowing Spain)

Simon Boilvar

Important native to northern Latin America that helped to organize and lead revolutionary activity and help them declare their independence (Led the liberartor was a military and political leader who helped South American nations gian independence from the Spanish empire. Called the George Washington of Latin America

Napoleon Bonaparte

Known as a military genius and emperor of the french who conquered much of Europeduring the early 19th century

Giuseppe Garibaldi

An Italian gernal and revolutionary widely regarded as one of the Fathers of the fatherland for his role in the unifaction of Italy. (Led a series of battles to gain control of Southern Italy and unite it with Cavour’s Northern Italy)

Toussaint

A former slave who led the Haitian rebellion against the French after seeing that the American and French Revolutions were successful

James Monroe

5th President of the US and wrote the Monroe Doctrine. Remembred for his signfificant impact on American foreign policy and nation expanison

Count Camillo di Cavour

An Italian statesman and the brain behind the unifaction of Italy. He managed to unite the northern protions of Italy (some of which had to rebel from Austria for independence).

Otto von Bismarck

Was a conservative politician who believed in a concept known as realpolitik basically all means would be justified to achieve and hold power. He also appealed to the nationalist base of supporters to help him lead Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War in a battle to unite all German territories under one government. Finally the new German state was offcially unified and declared

Why did European countries want to obtain colonies (espepecially in the Americas?)

Gold, Glory, and God. Seeking vast riches, national prestige and power and the spread of christianity, while also providing opprtunites for settlers seeking wealth, religous freedom, and escape from hardship in Europe

What effects did coloialism in Latin America have on the indigenous people?

Massive population decline, loss of land and resources, forced labor, and the oppression of their culture and language

How were most Latin America have on the indigenous people?

They mirrored the mother countries government (Centrialized heirarchs systems by Spain and Portugal. These systems were designed to extract resources, enfore social hierarches, and maintain strict central allowing little to no self- rule

What was the Monroe Doctrine? Why was it important?

Written by James Monroe. Siad to the Western Hemisphere was not open to European colonization and any attempt by European powers to interfere in the affairs of the independence American nations would be seen as an act against the US

Explain what happended with the Haitian Revolution. Why was it unique/important?

It was a successful anti- slavery and anti- colonial insurrection that end in the established the independent republic. It was the only successful slave revolt in modern history that led to the formation of a state

Why was the Monroe Doctrine issued? By whom? What did this state

By James Monroe. It was to prevent European powers from messing with the new independent Latin America nations and to stop further colonizaton in the western hemisphere. US was scared that Spain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia would try to take over Latin America

How was Napoleon able to quickly obtain control in France?

He got control due to the combination of his widespread popularity as a successful military general, the severe weakness and corruption of the exsisting directroy government, and his decisive action in the Coup of 18 Brumarie

Why did some French people welcome Napoleon even after they fought to abolish their monarch during the revolution

He stablilzed the nation endeding the chaotic, corrupt Directory and violence of the Revolution while preserving key revoutionary gains like equality before the law, metriocracy, and property rights