Peds Exam 1: Infants

What are the types of Childrearing styles? (4)

1. authoritative

• parents set clear rules but are supportive and listens to child → confident child

2. authoritarian

• strict rules with little explanation

• “because I said so” with punishment instead of discussion → obedient child

3. permissive

• few rules where parent act like friends→ impulsive child

4. neglectful/uninvolved

• little involvement or guidance → poor attachment/ sociopathic child

Whos all a part of a pediatric pt’s interprofessional team? (7)

1. child life specialist

• helps children cope w/ stress, procedures using play and education

2. speech therapist

• assess and treats speech/swallowing problems (developmental delays)

3. OT

• helps with fine motor skills and daily living skills

  • school/home life

4. PT

• helps gross motor skills, strength

  • recovery from injury

  • disability

5. Social worker

• community resources

6. registered dietitian

7. RT

• breathing treatments

  • asthma, ventilators

Piaget’s Theory

• 4 stages

1. sensorimotor (infant)

• babies learns using senses (puts everything in mouth)

• learn object performance (things still exist even when not seen)

  • ex: looks for hidden toy

2. preoperational (toddler)

• they see only from their POV

• pretend play

• no logical thinking

  • Ex: believes cartoon character’s real

3. concrete operational (preschool/school age)

• can understand real things

• grasps time, numbers, rules

  • ex: conservation of mass

4. formal operations (adolescence)

• teens think abstractly and hypothetically

• plan, reason, understand morals and consequences

  • ex: teen thinks abt how choices will affect their future

Eriksons Theory Infants

Trust v Mistrust

• learn to trust caregivers if needs are met (food)

Infant gross motor skills:

• 4 mon (2)

• 6 mon (2)

• 7 mon (2)

• 9 mon (3)

• 12 mon (2)

4 mon:

1. rolls front to back

2. good head control

6 mon

1. sits with support (using hands to prop themselves up)

2. rolls back to stomach and stomach to back

7 mon

1. sits w/o support

2. crawls in commando position “army crawl”

9 mon

1. pulls to stand

2. cruises

3. stands on feet/hands

12 mon

1. stands alone

2. walks independently

Whats object performance?

• What develops as a result?

• when does this being?

• knowing things still exist even if out of sight (peek a boo)

• Stranger and separation anxiety begin

• 6-12 months

Interventions for Separation anxiety? (3)

1. remember that its expected

2. leave infant for short period w/ familiar caregiver and work up to longer times

3. infant will associate with parent leaving and returning as safe

What language skills does an infant have?

• 2 mon (1)

• 6 mon (2)

• 9 mon (1)

• 12 mon (3)

• 2 mon

1. coos

• 6 mon

1. babbles w/ consonant

2. responds to name

• 9 mon

1. mama/dada—nonspecifically

• 12 mon

1. can say first word

2. points to something they want

3. follows simple command

Injury prevention infants: (4)

1. sleep on back

2. sleep by themselves

3. in middle of back seat w/ rear facing car seat

4. childproof home: cover electrical outlets, lock chemicals, pad sharp edges, baby gates

Infants nutritional needs: (4)

1. breastmilk/formula 4-6 months!!

2. > 6 month solids are introduced

3. introduce new foods q3-5 days (allergies: eggs, milk, nuts)

4. no cows milk or honey < 1 y/o

Infant Gross motor skills: (5)

Big movements using large muscle groups

1. head and neck control

2. rolls

3. sits

4. crawls

5. stand with support

*cephalocaudal