Roman Art and Archaeology: Week 3

verism

a form of ultra-physical realism which avoids or rejects idealizing tendencies in preference for the individual

Aeneas

foundation legend; mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises

antefix

the blocks that cover the tiles showing on the edge of a temple roof

acroteria

sculptures on the roof of a temple

Vulca of Veii

Etruscan artist hired by Tarquinius Superbus to make the cult statue for the Temple of Jupiter

Portonaccio Temple

deedicated to Menvra, Veii, 510-500 BCE

753 BCE

traditional founding date of Rome

509 BCE

end of monarchy in Rome, beginning of Republic

Aplu / Apollo

statue of Apollo of Veii, deemed a masterpiece because of its skull, also wearing a proto toga indicating Romans pulling from Greek art

Menvra / Minerva

Roman goddess of wisdom

Latium

the region in which Rome is located, south of Etruria (Latin as a language distinct from Etruscan)

lapis niger

(575-550) sanctuary in the heart of the area that will become the Forum; many Roman theories about its meaning

ashlar (masonry)

squared out block of stone

Grotta Oscura

a quarry who’s stone was used in Lapis Niger

“Romanization”

the spread of Latin language and culture by continuity of local practice

Curia

meeting place for the Senate in the Roman Forum

Regia

thought by Romans to have been the house of the kings, then donated to the Pontifex Maximus

Pontifex Maximus

The High Priest in the roman college of priests

opus incertum and opus reticulatum

incertum= concrete poured over small, uneven stones; reticulum= concrete poured over bricks with short side facing out

spoliation

taking something from one structure to be used in a new structure

manubiae

spoils of war

Fig. 1-29 Velthur Velcha, Ravnthu Aprthnai, and musicians, detail of the interior of the main chamber of the Tomb of the Shields, Tarquinia, ca. 350–325 BCE

Fig. 1-31 Sarcophagus of Lars Pulena, from Tarquinia, ca. 200 BCE. Tufa, Tarquinia

Fig. 1-32 Sarcophagus lid with portraits of Ramtha Visnai and Arnth Tetnies, Vulci, 
ca. 350–300 BCE. Nenfro

Plan of Portonaccio temple, Veii, c. 510-500 BCE

Fig \`1-21 Apulu (*Apollo of Veii*), from the roof of the Portonaccio temple, Veii, ca. 510–500 bce. Painted terracotta

**Fig. 2-4** Plan of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Rome, dedicated 509 bce.

Fig. 2-5A Section of the Servian Walls on the Viale Aventino, Rome, ca. 386–378 BCE, with an arch for catapults, 87 BCE (during time of the Social Wars)

Fig. 3-2 Plan of Ostia, founded ca. 340–300 BCE.

Schematic map of the Republican forum.  Know: Curia, Regia

Fig. 2-9 Plan of four Republican temples, Largo Argentina, Rome, early third to mid-first century BCE and later. Make sure you know: B, D

Fig. 4-2 Restored view and plan of a typical Roman house in the 3rd century BCE.  Be able to identify: fauces, atrium; tablinum; hortus

Fig. 2-10B Temple B (looking west), Largo Argentina, Rome, ca. 100 BCE

Fig. 2-11 Temple of Vesta or Hercules Victor (looking southwest), 
Rome, mid-second century bce and later