Kick-Off Politico-Military History

Certamen List

Founding of Rome

April 21, 753BCE

Founder of Rome

Romulus

Romulus’ Parents

Mars and Rhea Silvia

How many kings of Rome

7

Numa Pompilius

2nd King. Made Vestal Virginaand instituted religious practices.

Titus Tatius

King of the Sabines. Numa’s Father in law.

Numitor

Romulus and Remus’ grandfather

Aemulius

Romulus and Remus’ evil uncle

Tarpeia

Roman woman who betrayed the city for the reward of jewelry. She was pushed off a cliff as punishment which was then named after her. “Tarpeian rock.”

Tullus Hostilius

3rd king of Rome. Warlike and Jupiter killed him with a lightning bolt.

Horatii & Curiatii

groups of sibling warriors who foughtin a duel to resolve a conflict between Rome and Alba Longa.

Ancus Marcius

4th King. Established Rome’s port, Ostia.

Tarquinius Priscus

5th King. Was of Etruscan descent. An eagle took his hat and brought it back. He increased the size of the Senate. He built the Circus Maximus.He build the Cloaca Maxima, Rome’s great sewer.

Tanaquil

Tarquinius Priscus’ wife. She was a prophetess.

Servius Tullius

born to an enslaved woman. His head glowed when he was born, showing his greatness. 6th King of Rome. He was murdered in a chariot accident by his daughter.

Tarquinius Superbus

7th King. Was exiled from Rome by the people along with his son, Sextus.

Sibylline Books

A book of oracles that were purchased by Tarquinius Superbus. T.S. was originally offered 9 books but refused to buy them, so the oracle burned 3. This happened once more before T.S. eventually bought the last 3.

Lucretia

the wife of Collatinus. She was assaulted by Sextus. This attack led to Tarquinius Superbus being exiled.

Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus

first consuls of Rome who led the revolution against Tarquinius Superbus

Cincinnatus

Roman dictator and general who gave up his power after 15 days and returned to his farm. George Washington is often compared to him.

Cloelia

Roman girl who was kidnapped by the Etruscans. She escaped but was recaptured and returned, later being honored by the Romans for her bravery.

Lake Regillus

496BC. Romans were victorious over Tarquinius Superbus and the Latin League.

Twelve Tables

First codified legal system of ancient Rome. Made to make things more fair for different social classes. 450BC.

Decemviri

A group of ten officials created to draft the Twelve Tables, leading to early Roman legal reforms in 451-450 BC.

Battle of the Caudine Forks

A significant battle in 321 BC where the Roman army was trapped and forced to surrender to the Samnites. It demonstrated initial Roman military failures during the Samnite Wars.

Allia River

Site of a significant Roman defeat in 390 BC by the Gauls, leading to the sacking of Rome.

Brennus

King of the Gauls in the Battle of Allia.

Punic Wars

Conflicts between the Romans and Carthaginians.

1st Punic War

264-241. Fought between Rome and Carthage over control of Sicily, marking Rome's first major overseas conflict.