Wave Types and Coastal Processes

Flashcards covering the characteristics, processes, and effects of constructive and destructive waves, as well as wave refraction at coastlines.

What are the key characteristics of a constructive wave related to wavelength, swash, and backwash?

Constructive waves have a longer wavelength, stronger swash, and weaker backwash.

What is the energy level of constructive waves, and what type of conditions are they associated with?

Constructive waves have less energy and occur in gentle conditions.

What kind of beach profile is typically created by constructive waves?

Constructive waves create a gentle slope and a wide beach.

What is the primary geomorphic process associated with constructive waves?

Deposition.

What are the key characteristics of a destructive wave related to wavelength, swash, and backwash?

Destructive waves have a shorter wavelength, weaker swash, and stronger backwash.

What is the energy level of destructive waves, and what type of conditions are they associated with?

Destructive waves have more energy and are associated with storms.

How frequently do destructive waves typically break per minute?

10-15 per minute.

What kind of beach profile is typically created by destructive waves?

Destructive waves create a steep, narrow beach.

What is the primary geomorphic process associated with destructive waves?

Erosion.

What is the process called when waves bend as they approach a coastline with varying depths?

Wave refraction.

How does wave refraction affect wave energy distribution at headlands?

Orthogonals (wave energy lines) focus energy onto headlands, leading to concentrated energy and increased erosion.

How does wave refraction affect wave energy distribution in bays?

Wave energy is dissipated (spread out) in bays due to diverging orthogonals, leading to less intense waves and deposition.