HSC4555 chapter 25

-volatile acid: carbon dioxide
-fixed acids: lactic acid, acetoacetic acid

two types of waste acids

7.35-7.45

Normal pH level in human

Respiratory is responsible for ____ changes to maintaining pH, while renal is responsible for __ changes

by the lung

How is the bicarbonate buffer system maintained

DKA, Diarrhea;
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperventilation

when pH is low, PCO2 is low and HCO3 is low it is most likely caused by _____ and called ______. Compensatory?

Vomiting
Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypoventilation

When pH is high, PCO2 is high and HCO3 is high it is most likely causes by __ and called __. Compensatory?

COPD
Respiratory acidosis
renal HCO3 reabsorption

When pH is low, PCO2 is high and HCO3 is high it is most likely caused by __ and called ___. Compensatory?

High altitude, hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Renal HCO3 secretion

When pH is high, PCO2 is low and HCO3 is low it is most likely caused by ___ and called ___. Compensatory?

22-27mEq

Normal HCO3

35-45mmHg

Normal PCO2

-respiratory
-fast

Metabolic cause can be compensated by a _____ change at a ___ rate

-renal
-slow

Respiratory cause can be compensated by a __ change at a __ rate

respiratory acidosis

Abnormally high pCO2 in system blood from inadequate exhalation of CO2

respiratory alkalosis

abnormally low pCO2 in systemic blood caused by either hyperventilation, anxiety, drugs, pain, stroke, or pulmonary embolism