Chapter 4 Learning - Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 4 - Learning.

Learning Definition

A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

Behaviorist Approach

Emphasizes the study of observable behavior to understand learning, rather than mental processes.

Classical Conditioning

A process of learning through the involuntary association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response.

Stimulus

Any event that produces a response from an organism.

Response

Any reaction by an organism to a stimulus.

Association

Pairing or linking of one stimulus with another stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A stimulus that produces no significant response prior to conditioning.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

A stimulus that produces an unconscious response.

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A naturally occurring behavior in response to a stimulus (reflexive).

Acquisition

The overall process of an organism learning to associate two events (NS and UCS) until the NS (which becomes the CS) alone can trigger the CR alone.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

The stimulus (originally the neutral stimulus) that produces a conditioned response after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The response that occurs involuntarily after the conditioned stimulus is presented.

Operant Conditioning

A three-phase learning process involving antecedent, behavior, and consequence, where the consequence determines the likelihood of behavior reoccurrence.

Antecedent (A)

A stimulus (object or event) that precedes and often elicits a particular behavior.

Behavior (B)

The voluntary action that occurs in the presence of the antecedent, having an effect on the environment.

Consequence (C)

The outcome of the behavior, which determines the likelihood that it will occur again.

Reinforcement

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Punishment

A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the chance of the behavior being repeated.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a desirable stimulus, which increases the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.

Negative Punishment (Response Cost)

Involves the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease the chance of the behavior being repeated.

Positive Punishment

The addition of an undesirable stimulus which decreases the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.

Observational Learning

Learning that takes place in a social setting and involves various cognitive processes through observation of a model's actions and their consequences.

Attention (Observational Learning)

Actively focusing on the model's behavior and its consequences.

Retention (Observational Learning)

Remembering/storing the model's behavior as a mental representation.

Reproduction (Observational Learning)

Having the physical and mental capabilities to replicate the behavior.

Motivation (Observational Learning)

Wanting/desiring to reproduce the behavior in order for learning to occur.

Reinforcement (Observational Learning)

Receiving a positive consequence for the behavior which makes them more likely to reproduce the behavior again in the future.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ways of Knowing

Learning is immersive, relational, interconnected, and takes place by seeing, hearing, feeling, and doing within the community and Country.

Learning as a Multi-Modal System of Knowledge

Knowledge and skills are based on interconnected social, physical, and spiritual understandings, informed by culture, and patterned on Country.