CH 20: Diseases & Disorders of the Neurological System [exam 4]

What is the strongest known risk factor for MS?

a.​living in northern climates

b.​obesity

c.​vegetarian diet

d.​cigarette smoking

e.​genetics

e.​genetics

What are the two major physical changes in the brain that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

a.​amyloid plaques and hypertrophy

b.​aluminum deposition and edema

c.​aluminum deposition and neurofibrillary tangles

d.​calcification and hypertrophy

e.​amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

e.​amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

In myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune reaction damages or destroys the cellular receptors for what neurotransmitter?​

a.​norepinephrine

b.​serotonin

c.​dopamine

d.​epinephrine

e.​acetylcholine

e.​acetylcholine

The somatic division of the PNS carries messages forward to the CNS from the sensory organs, and outward from the CNS to the muscles for action.

True

False

True

Partial seizures can be further classified as simple partial or complex partial.​

True

False

True

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

a.​cerebral and autonomic nervous systems

b.​spinal and extremity nervous systems

c.​central and peripheral nervous systems

d.​endocrine and exocrine nervous systems

e.​upper and lower nervous systems

c.​central and peripheral nervous systems

Within what approximate time frame does necrosis (cell death) occur due to lack of blood, oxygen and glucose supplied to the brain?

a.​4-10 minutes

b.​1-3 minutes

c.​12-18 minutes

d.​at least 30 minutes

e.​20-25 minutes

a.​4-10 minutes

What percentage of patients with GBS completely recover within 18 months of onset?

a.​40%

b.​60%

c.​25%

d.​85%

e.​15%

d.​85%

The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:​

a.​memory loss and confusion

b.​depression and anger

c.​hand tremors and confusion

d.​headaches and depression

e.​memory loss and muscle weakness

a.​memory loss and confusion

The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?​

a.​4 carbohydrate to 1 fat

b.​4 fat to 1 protein and carbohydrate

c.​4 protein to 1 fat

d.​4 protein to 1 carbohydrate

e.​4 carbohydrate to 1 protein

b.​4 fat to 1 protein and carbohydrate

What inhibitory neurotransmitter controls body posture and movement?

a.​serotonin

b.glutamate

c.​acetylcholine

d.​norepinephrine

e.​dopamine

e.​dopamine

What is the term for a loss of voluntary movement?

a.​epilepsy

b.​paraplegia

c.​akinesia

d.​bradykinesia

e.​aneurysm

c.​akinesia

A high protein intake interferes with optimal levels of L-dopa due to competition for protein carriers.

True

False

True

What type of diets are recommended for people with seizures / epilepsy?​

a.​low-fat diets

b.​high carbohydrate diets

c.​ketogenic diets

d.​fruit-only diets

e.​dense protein diets

c.​ketogenic diets

What lifestyle factor is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?

a.​obesity

b.​taking illicit drugs

c.​drinking soda pop

d.​cigarette smoking

e.​alcohol consumption

d.​cigarette smoking

What percentage of the population can expect to have a seizure within their lifetime?

a.​20%

b.​50%

c.​30%

d.​5%

e.​10%

e.​10%

Although the exact cause of Parkinson's disease is unclear, it results in the loss of serotonin-producing cells in the thalamus portion of the brain.

True

False

False

What is the term for the body of a neuron?

a.​soma

b.​dendrite

c.​filament

d.​myelin

e.​axon

a.​soma

What age group has the highest rate of traumatic brain injuries due to motor vehicle accidents?​

a.​adolescents

b.middle-aged adults

c.children under 5​

d.​young adults 18-25

e.​elderly

a.​adolescents

​Ischemic strokes are the least most common form, accounting for about 10% of all strokes.

True

False

False

What functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?​

a.​lymphocytes

b.​ganglions

c.​nerves

d.​neurons

e.glial cells

d.​neurons

What symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?​

a.​blue discolor

b.​severe edema

c.​swollen joints

d.​red discolor

e.​tremor

e.​tremor

What is the primary issue with attempting to feed stroke patients?

a.dysphagia

b.loss of appetite

c.​potential for weight gain

d.​loss of taste sensation

e.​reduced saliva production

a.dysphagia

What disease or disorder is characterized by demyelination of cells within the CNS, inflammation, and development of scar tissue?

a.​amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b.​myasthenia gravis

c.​Parkinson's

d.​multiple sclerosis

e.​Alzheimer's

d.​multiple sclerosis

ALS affects involuntary types of neurons, such as those involved in memory, reasoning, vision, and hearing, as well as muscular processes such as heartbeat and digestion.​

True

False

False

Epilepsy is considered as a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?​

a.​2

b.​3

c.​4

d.​6

e.​5

a.​2

What is the term for delayed or slowed body movements?

a.​bradykinesia

b.​akinesia

c.​epilepsy

d.​aneurysm

e.​paraplegia

a.​bradykinesia

The term developmental delay is a catch-all phrase used to describe any lag in reaching age-appropriate developmental milestones.​

True

False

True

Extended seizure activity lasting over 5 minutes is called:

a.​tonic-clonic

b.​epilepsy

c.​petit-mal

d.​status epilepticus

e.​grand-mal

d.​status epilepticus

In the United States, what demographic is at highest risk of stroke?​

a.​Hispanics

b.​Native Americans

c.​Caucasians (European ancestry)

d.​African Americans

e.​Asian Americans

d.​African Americans

What is the chemical precursor to dopamine?

a.​benserazide

b.​carbidopa

c.​monoamine oxidase

d.​levodopa

e.​retrodopa

d.​levodopa

How many distinct types of multiple sclerosis (MS) are there?​

a.​4

b.​2

c.​6

d.​3

e.​5

a.​4

Which gland is often abnormal in patients with myasthenia gravis?​

a.​adrenal glands

b.​pituitary gland

c.​thyroid gland

d.​thymus gland

e.​pineal gland

d.​thymus gland

​Quadriplegia or tetraplegia refers to paralysis involving what part(s) of the body?

a.​hands and fingers

b.​the arms and hands

c.​the entire body

d.​the legs and feet

e.​all four limbs

e.​all four limbs

Traumatic brain injuries are classified as either penetrating brain injuries or closed-head injuries.

True

False

True