Anthropology Review

Flashcards for Anthropology 1.1-1.16

Anthropology

The study of humans, their origins, biological characteristics, and cultural development.

Physical Anthropology

How humans have evolved over time, also known as 'biological evolutions'.

Paleoanthropology

Biological processes of human adaptation.

Forensic Anthropology

Study identification of skeletal or badly decomposed humans.

Primatology

Study of apes of human species.

Human Variation

Psychological difference among modern humans

Cultural Anthropology

Study of past and present cultures.

Social Anthropology/Ethnology

Study of origins and cultures among different races and people.

Archeology

Cultural anthropology and evacuation of physical remains from the past to reconstruct and understand them.

Linguistic Anthropology

Study of human languages to see how it affects and expresses human cultures.

Informed Consent

Subjects need to be informed of the purpose, how it is used, and the confidentiality levels of data collection.

Unstructured Interview

An interview in which questions are not prepared in advance.

Structured Interview

Interviews with a set of listed questions that do not change.

Participant Observation

Living with subjects for an extended period of time engaging in their normal daily activities.

Bystander Effect

Individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present due to diffusion of responsibility and social influence.

Cultural Norms and Values

Principles that determine the right and wrong in a community.

Social Learning

People pick up social skills from an early age by seeing and copying people around them.

Cultural Identity

People acquire an understanding of their identity in connection to their cultural group as they mature.

Cognitive Processes

Cultural experiences influence people's perceptions, thoughts, and information processing.

Ecological Factors

Geography and climate might have an impact on cultural development.

Historical and Social Contexts

Events such as social movements, migrations, and wars can have a big impact on cultural norms and behaviors.

Rituals and Practices

Repeated behaviors, such as formal ceremonies or daily greetings, serve to uphold cultural norms and foster a sense of continuity and belonging.

Cultural Anthropology

Cultures that help people adjust to physical and social environments

Technological Diffusion

Support of technology from one culture to another.

Law

Laws form and it changes the environment and human behaviors

Politics

Political beliefs, understanding, responsibilities, freedom of speech & association affect human behavior.

Economy and Economic Systems

Human societies depend on different economies to produce resources.

Religion and Belief

Cultural systems influence and affect human behavior through beliefs and traditions.

Natural Selection

The operation on how different communities of different organisms adapt to their environment.

Human Evolution

Human evolution is the procedure as to how humans originally came from apelike ancestors.

Cultural Relativism

All cultures and beliefs must be understood and seen through the specific cultures eye, not what you see from your perspective.

Ethnocentrism

Judging others cultural traditions because it seems abnormally wrong from the outside perspective

Linguistic Anthropology

The study of human languages and how it affects and expresses cultures.

Code Switching

The act of changing between two or more languages, dialects, or accents when you are speaking.

Bias

The action of supporting or opposing an opinion based on your beliefs and judgements.

Prejudice

Unfair and unreasonable opinion, mainly when formed without enough knowledge

Discrimination

Treating a person or group differently because of skin color, sex, sexuality etc.

Physical Environment

Cultures see weather differently

Language

Helps humans to communicate to farm,hunt and protect themselves from endangered environments.

Economics

Human societies rely on economic systems to provide resources.

Verbal Communication

The exchange of information between two or more people using words (either spoken or written)

Nonverbal Communication

Involves using physical cues or gestures to relay information to another person without using speech or words.

Rites of Passage

Important events in the human life cycle that are marked in many societies by ceremonies

Segregation

The person undergoing the rite is separated from the rest of the society (Physically, removed from the original role)

Transition

A time of testing, learning and growing. The person is learning their new role, becoming a new person

Reintegration

The person is reintegrated into society in their new role, sometimes the person is marked with body paint, a new tattoo , or a change in clothing.

Formal Justice

Legal principles applied in a way in which it is fair and an appropriate action according to the conflict.

Informal Justice

A system of social pressure to control behavior used most often in nomadic or non-hierarchical societies.

True Mobiles

People who access the internet in public to specifically avoid human interaction

Placemakers

People who access the internet in public to create social interactions

Social Shields

A device or subject used to avoid interactions with other people