Lesson 1.1 (REVIEW OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS) Introduction to Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Organic Chemistry

Alkene

Alkyne

Alkyl Halide

Alkyl Halide

Alcohol

Alcohol

Ether

Ether

Aldehyde

Aldehyde

Ketone

Ketone

Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic Acid

Ester

Ester

Acid Anhydride

Acid Anhydride

Acyl halide

Acyl halide

Sulphonic acid

Sulphonic acid

nitro alkane

nitro alkane

amine

amine

amide

amide

Open-chain

not cyclic or linear structures

Cyclic

ring structure

monocyclic, bicyclic, etc.

classification of cyclic based on # of rings

Homocyclic and Heterocyclic

classification of cyclic based on ring atoms

oxo

means oxygen

aza

means nitrogen

thia

means sulfur

Phenol

Catechol

IV preparations

Catechol is a benzene derivative that is used for _____________

Xylene

can be ortho, meta, para

Benzoic Acid

Aniline

Resorcinol

Cresol

can be ortho, meta, para

Salicylic Acid

Toluene

Hydroquinone

benzaldehyde

Anthranilic Acid

mefenamic acid

______________ has anthranilic acid as its structure

Anthracene

linear three fused rings (tricyclic)

structure of anthracene

Phenanthrene

non-linear three fused rings (tricyclic)

structure of phenanthrene

benzo [a] pyrene

five fused rings (pentacyclic)

structure of benzo [a] pyrene

Pyrrole

oxazole

thiophene

Imidazole

cimetidine

An example of Imidazole is ______________ for hyperacidity, but this one has restrictions

-ole

suffix for 2 double bonds present in a five sided figure

imidazoline

suffix for 1 double bond present in a five sided figure

-oline

suffix for 1 double bond present in a five sided figure

imidazolidine

-olidine

suffix for no double bond present in a five sided figure

Furan

Ranitidine

An example of furan is _____________________ for acidity but there are no restrictions

Thiazole

famotidine

An example of Thiazole is _______________ which is for hyperacidity, specifically for GERD or acid secretion, for nocturnal

Pyrazine

Pyridine

CNS Drug

Pyridine is a __________

Piperidine

CNS Drug

Piperidine is a ____________

Piperazine

Quinoline

NSAID drugs

Quinoline is a __________

Indole

NSAID drugs

Indole is a __________

Isoquinoline

NSAID drugs

Isoquinoline is a _________________

Purine

gout

Purine is used for ________

Conjugated

contains 2 or more C-C double bonds separated by single bonds (alternating)

Saturated

contains C-C bonds which are purely single bonds (sigma bonds)

Unsaturated

contains at least 1 C-C double or triple bond (sigma and pi bonds)

Alpha Carbon

carbon atom directly attached to a functional group

Vinylic/Olefinic Carbon

carbon atom directly holding a double bond

Allylic Carbon

Allylic Carbon

Benzylic Carbon

carbon atom positioned next to a benzene

ortho

1,2 patterns around a benzene ring

meta

1,3 patterns around a benzene ring

para

1,4 patterns around a benzene ring

Polarity, Solubility, and Net Dipole

plays a role in the formulation and pharmacokinetics of drugs

Polar

It is more ______________, if it contains a lot of oxygen, -OH, COOH, C=O

water

Polar is ________ soluble

topical

Polar subs are used in ____________ preparations

non-polar

It is more ______________, if it contains a lot of carbon

lipid

Non-polar subs are __________ soluble