Intermediate French 2: Subjunctive with Conjunctions, le gérondif, le participe présent,

for midterm

Use of quoi que

whatever, anything, no matter_____

use of quoique

though, although (sometimes used to replace bien que)

use of quelque(s)

some

• can only be used after a noun

use of quel.le.s que

whatever/however

• followed by a verb or a personal pronoun (il/elle)

• (can sometimes replace peu import quel)

use of où que

wherever (peu importe où)

use of qui que

whoever (peu importe qui)

qui que ce soit (anyone) can be replaced by

quiconque

use of aussi + adjectif

no matter how + adjective

followed by subjunctive: à condition que, pourvu que

on condition that, provided that

followed by subjunctive: à moins que

unless

followed by subjunctive: afin que, pour que, de façon que

so that, in order that

followed by subjunctive: avant que

before

followed by subjunctive: bien que, quoique

although, even though

followed by subjunctive: de crainte que, de peur que

for fear that

followed by subjunctive: en attendant que

in the mean time, until

jusqu’à ce que

until

NOTES ON THE SUBJUNCTIVE + CONJUNCTIONS

1. 2 separate subjects —> subjunctive can be used after

2. 1 subject —> followed by infinitive

3. for some conjunctions, even with only one subject used, will be followed by subjunctive (restate the subject)

   1. ex: je ne perds pas, bien que je fasse de l’exercice

conjunctions that use the subjunctive no matter what

bien que, jusque’à ce que, pourvu que, quoique + SUBJONCTIF

expressions that use always use the subjunctive in the beginning of a phrase

non que: (mais) not that

le fait que: the fact that

que: whether (used for a choice between 2 things)

la participe present

corresponds to the -ing form of the verb, formed by dropping the -ons from the present form of nous form + adding -ant

• can be used as an adjective or a verb (le gérondif)

être participe present conjugation

étant

avoir participe present conjugation

ayant

savoir participe present conjugation

sachant

Le Gérondif

en + present participle

• (A) expresses an action that is happening at the same time as the action of the main verb

• (B) expresses the causal relationship between an action and its result

*The implied subject of the gérondif must be the same as the subject of the main clause

la langue administrative w/ le participe present

replace the subordinate proposition with the present participle

• Ex: les visiteurs qui désirent…—> le visiteurs désirant

Le Gérondif EXAMPLES

A. En entrant dans le café, nous avons vu notre amie Diane —> Upon entering the café, we saw our friend Diane

B. On ne maigrit pas en mangeant des glaces —> you don’t get thinner by eating ice cream