chapter 4 science vocab

Nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA
Mitosis

Mitosis

Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps.

Chromosome

structure in cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material

Asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction-fission, budding, and regeneration-in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism.

Organism-

any living thing; uses energy, is made of cells, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops.

Sexual reproduction

- a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will help develop into a new organism with a unique identity 

Sperm

haploid sex cell formed in a male reproductive organs

Egg

- haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization

- in sexual reproductive, the joining of a sperm and egg 

Zygote

-new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism. 

Dipoid

- cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs

Haploid

cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Meiosis

reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent or organism 

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugarphosphate molecules and nitrogenous bases.

RNA

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Gene

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins 

Mutation

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of all cell;may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism.

Heredity

the passing on of traits from parents to offspring.