BIOL 221 - Chapter 13 - Cardiovascular System

Arteries

Transports blood AWAY from the heart

Veins

Transport blood TOWARDS the heart

Capillaries

Vessels that run between the arteries and veins

Pulmonary Circuit

Blood flow between the heart and LUNGS

Systematic circuit

Blood flow between the heart and BODY TISSUES

Pulmonary Veins

Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Pulmonary arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

Blood path of travel

Right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs to get oxygenated, it then comes back to the left side to be circulated around the body

Albeolus

Where gas exchange takes place

Atria

The top of the heart (L and R); fills with blood returning to the heart; thin

Ventricles

The bottom of the heart (L and R); Pump blood out of the heart; thick

Interventricular Septum

Separates the atrium and the L and R ventricles

Pulmonary Edema

Fluid in the lungs

Right AV Valve (Tricuspid Valve)

Located between the R atrium and R ventricle

Left AV Valve (Bicuspid or Mitral Valve)

Located between the L atrium and L ventricle

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the systemic circuit

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Prevents backflow into the RIGHT ventricle; located between the R ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Prevents backflow into the LEFT ventricle; located between the L ventricle and Aorta

Anastomoses

Provide pathways for blood incase a pathway becomes blocked

Cardiac Veins

Drain blood from the heart and carry it to the coronary sinus

Coronary Sinus

Big bulging vein where the blood drains to at the back of the heart

Systole

Contraction of the heart

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

Functional Syncytium

A mass of cells that acts as a unit

Cardiac Conduction System

Muscle tissues that conducts impulses (electricity) throughout the myocardium

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

" Pacemaker " of the heart located in the right atrium. generated the impulses for heartbeat

Purkinje Fibers

Spread impulses to the ventricular wall and papillary muscles causing contraction

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Records the electrical changes during the cardiac cycle

P Wave

Corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria

QRS Complex

Depolarization of ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event.

T Wave

Corresponds to ventricular repolarization, and leads to ventricular relaxation

Lubb-Dupp

Lubb - ventricles contract and AV valves are closing

Dubb - ventricles relax and aortic/pulmonary valves are closing

Tachycardia

>100 bpm resting heart rate

Bradycardia

<60 resting heart rate

Cardiac Center of the Medulla Oblongata

Maintains balance btwn the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Hyperkalemia

excessive K+ in the blood; decreases heart rate and force of contraction

Hypercalcemia

excessive calcium in the blood