Cell Respiration, Homeostasis, Body Systems Chapter 1

When you eat carbohydrates, what does your body break them down into?

Glucose

Which part of the digestive system primarily absorbs glucose into the bloodstream?

Small intestine

What is the primary role of insulin in blood sugar regulation?

Signaling cells to absorb glucose

What is the main cause of Type 2 diabetes?

Cells become resistant to insulin

How does oxygen enter the bloodstream from the lungs?

Through diffusion in the alveoli

Which blood component is responsible for carrying oxygen?

White blood cells

What is the primary purpose of cells taking in oxygen?

To use it in cellular respiration for energy

What happens to carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration?

It diffuses into the bloodstream

How many ATP molecules are typically produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

38

What occurs during anaerobic respiration?

Oxygen is used efficiently

38 ATP are produced

2 ATP and lactic acid are produced

Carbon dioxide is not produced

2 ATP and lactic acid are produced

What causes muscle soreness after intense exercise?

Lactic acid buildup

Which product of cellular respiration is eliminated through multiple routes (sweat, urine, breath)?

Glucose

Oxygen

Water

Carbon dioxide

Water

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

Storing and providing usable energy

How does carbon dioxide leave body cells?

Simple diffusion

Which system delivers oxygen-rich blood throughout the body?

Respiratory system

Circulatory system

Digestive system

Endocrine system

Circulatory system

What happens in Type 1 diabetes?

The body doesn’t produce insulin

 

ATP from cellular respiration is used for all of these EXCEPT:

Muscle movement

Direct oxygen absorption

Cell repair

Nerve signal transmission

Direct oxygen absorption

Which process does NOT help remove water from the body?

Breathing

Digesting food

Sweating

Urinating

Digesting food

When oxygen is unavailable, what do cells switch to?

Anaerobic respirtation

How is carbon dioxide primarily removed from the body?

Through exhalation

Which of the following is the correct word equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

When blood sugar rises, what does the pancreas do?

Releases insulin to bring it down

Which nutrient contains the MOST calories per gram?

Carbohydrates

Protein

Fat

Water

Fat

What is an example of a positive feedback loop in the body?

Blood sugar regulation

Continued contractions during childbirth

Shivering to warm up

Decreasing heart rate after exercise

Continued contractions during childbirth

Which is an example of negative feedback?

High fever causes temperature to rise more

Sweating cools the body down when hot

Labor continues getting stronger

Blood clotting increases rapidly

Sweating cools the body down when hot

How do blood vessels respond to cold weather?

They constrict to keep heat inside

What is the role of increased heart rate during physical activity?

To supply more oxygen and nutrients to muscles

Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

Deliver oxygen

Break down glucose

Transport hormones

Carry waste like CO₂

Break down glucose

Which organelle in the cell performs cellular respiration?

Mitochondria

Which situation demonstrates homeostasis in action?

Eating when bored

Releasing insulin to lower blood sugar after a meal

Gaining weight after overeating

Yawning during class

Releasing insulin to lower blood sugar after a meal