Heimler’s History Video Guide - Unit 5 WHAP Review (c. 1750-1900 CE)—Revolutions

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and concepts from a lecture on the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment.

Industrial Revolution

Introduction of machine manufacturing and industry, transforming the world from agrarian/handicraft economies to industrial production in factories.

Creation of factory systems

Innovations like the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame required space and money, leading entrepreneurs to put several into the same space.

Unskilled workers during the Industrial Revolution

Workers on assembly lines who were responsible for a single part of whatever was produced, doing the same task over and over again.

Industrialization's impact on the consumer

Products could be made quickly, prices went down, average people could buy more, and factory owners became wealthy.

Capitalism

An economic system where governments were not involved in the economy, and an “invisible hand” guided the market based on supply and demand.

Why the Industrial Revolution began in England

England had the necessary resources for mechanization like iron and coal close to the surface and abundant waterways for the transportation of goods.

Where industrialization spread

The United States, Russia and Japan.

Resistance to Industrialization in China and the Ottoman Empire

Some viewed it as westernization.

Growing working class

Those who worked in factories.

Growing Middle Class

Those who worked in offices or managed factory workers, known as “white collar” workers.

New elite class

Factory owners who were replacing those whose status was linked to birth and landownership.

Life of the working class

14-16 hours a day, eating meals at the factory, unsafe conditions, and very low pay.

Why factory owners employed so many women

Could be paid less than men.

Methods used by the working class to fight for better conditions

Joined labor unions to make their voices more powerful as a collective.

Karl Marx’s critique of industrial society

Advocated a classless society that shared all wealth equally, with the proletariat controlling the means of production.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and individualism over tradition.

Political ideas proposed by the philosophers of the Enlightenment

All people had natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

Where these political ideas lead to actual revolutions

British colonies rebelled, France overthrew their king, and Haitians rose up against the French government.