DC US History Final

Jamestown Colony

\-First permanent English settlement in America

\-VA Company, a joint stock company, founded it and became successful because of John Rolfe's tobacco

\-People kept dying and disease spread

Indentured Servants

VA Company pays way to America for slaves, if you work 4-7 years then you get land, food, tools, etc.

Headright System

You pay your own way to America and each person gets 50 acres of land.

Slavery

Forced labor without pay, usually are foreigners, and are owned by colonies/white people

People would kidnap others from different countries so they could have a slave.

The rise of tobacco caused the need for slavery to rise because of high demand.

Powhatan Natives

Native American Confederation in Virginia who helped Jamestown with food and settlement, expecting something in return, but did not get it.

English kidnapped Pocahontas to marry John Rolfe. Powhatan and English has rough relations.

Plymouth County

\-Second permanent English colony

\-Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom.

\-Governed by William Bradford.

Wampanoag Natives

\-Native American nation in Massachusetts.

\- Taught the English how to farm and fish, and got Thanksgiving from them.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

\-Founded by John Winthrop (and puritans)

\-part of the Great English Migration

\- Had a theocratic republic.

"City upon a hill", no starving time, halfway covenant

City Upon a Hill

Winthrop's vision for MA to be an ideal Christian community, lots of rules + punishment

King Phillip's War

\-1675-1676

\-Metacom=King Phillip

\-Native American uprising against the Puritan colonies, "Blue Laws" and a reaction to Puritan laws.

\- Took place in Massachusetts Bay.

French and Indian War

1754-1763 Seven Years' War.

Mercantilism between France, Spain, and England for land caused this.

Ended by Treaty of Paris.

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin

an attempt to unify the colonies during the French and Indian War.

"Join or Die" snake image.

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the App. Mountains, Colonists were angry and moved past the lines anyways

Acts of Parliament

several acts were passed by British parliament that upset the colonists like the stamp act and the tea tax

Stamp Act

1765

all printed goods must be stamped, people angry because it's the first direct tax on only colonies.

Stamp Act congress and sons of liberty protest and boycott.

Townshend Acts

1767, Indirect import tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, TEA

Intolerable Acts

1774

Coercive Acts

Boston Harbor is closed

Quartering Act brought back, punished the people of Boston and Massachusetts and brought them under control.

The Boston Tea party led to this act.

Articles of Confederation

1st constitution and ratified in 1781.

Constitution

A written plan of government

Bill of Rights were the first 10 amendments.

It's the supreme law of the US.

VA Plan

Bicameral legislature

\# of reps by population (house of representatives)

large states

more reps=more power

NJ Plan

Unicameral legislature

equal reps all states (senate)

small states

equal reps=equal power

Great Compromise

a mix of the VA plan and NJ plan

bicameral legislature

equal reps all states (Senate) and number of reps by population (house of representatives)

3/5 Compromise

count three fifths state's slaves=population and number of representatives in the House

NW Ordinance of 1787

**set representative for statehood - minimum population 60,000**

States had to have constitution, elect representatives, and have Congress approve

\*Banned slavery in NW Territory (IL, IN, OH, MI, WI)

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, had an 8 year term, brought the US to independence

John Adams

First Vice-President and second President. Federalist, passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, and was part of XYZ Affair

Whiskey Rebellion

1794, Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass __excise__ taxes, farmers couldn't pay tax on whiskey, there was a tax on producing whiskey

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

XYZ Affair

random people from France came to America and requested bribes, "millions for defense, not one penny for tribute", the Americans refused and were infuriated

Alien Act

Increase residency from 5 to 14 years for citizenship (vote), passed by Federalists because immigrants voted Democratic-Republican, deportation of dangerous immigrants

Sedition Act

fine or jail for newspapers who publish negative information about president or congress, violates first amendment, freedom of speech and press

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States, D-R, maintained the national bank and debt-repayment, reduced the size of the military, repealed excise tax, and was a strict constitutionalist. Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase, wrote the Declaration of Independence, passed EMBARGO ACT.

James Madison

Father of the Constitution, Elected in 1808, former secretary of state, developed the Democratic-Republican, the War of 1812 was known as his war.

James Monroe

Founding father and 5th president of the US. Democratic-Republican split during his presidency: National Republicans and Jefferson Republicans. He made federalists vanish and got Florida, the Missouri Compromise, and the Monroe Doctrine.

John Quincy Adams

He was Secretary of State, then he was elected president, even though he didn’t have the most electoral or popular votes. Henry Clay convinced the house to elect him.

Andrew Jackson

"Age of the Common Man/Era of Jacksonian Democracy" A symbol of the working and middle class. Known for his __vetoes__ (2nd bank), standing up for Peggy Eaton, Indian Removal Act of 1830, VP resigning. states should have more power than the government.

Henry Clay

Tried to instill in the American System, represents Kentucky, a war hawk, enemy of Andrew Jackson, tried to propose federal funding for roads in KY (vetoed by AJax), and favored the Bank of the US, negotiated the MO Compromise

Election of 1800

Jefferson elected and beats Adams, first peaceful, orderly transfer of power by different parties, Called "Revolution of 1800"

Election of 1824

Also known as the "Corrupt Bargain," Henry Clay became secretary of state after convincing the House to elect JQ Adams as president.

Marbury v Madison

Adams gave Marbury a judge job, Madison didn’t give him his job because Thomas Jefferson told him not to, and Marbury sues Madison for his job. SCOTUS ruled Marbury has the right to his job and used judicial review to say the process was unconstitutional.

Louisiana Purchase

treaty between the USA and France, purchase of western land once claimed by France. It was a $15 million purchase. There was no provision in the Constitution to buy foreign land and Thomas Jefferson was a strict constitutionalist

War of 1812

Causes- impressment and natives in Ohio River Valley. Great Britain invaded DC and burned the White House and Capitol. New England seceded. This is where the ‘star spangled banner’ was created and the Treaty of Ghent ended the war.

Tecumseh

Tried negotiating US to not expand westward into Indian Territory, did not work. Lost at the battle of Tippecanoe and he was a Shawnee Native who formed a union with his brother, the Prophet. Got killed at the Battle of Thames, which affected the end of the War of 1812.

American System

Made by Henry Clay. Internal improvements, support strong banks, more tariffs, and transportations, but who pays? Individual states were left to make internal improvements on their own because Monroe kept vetoing the use of federal money for it.

MO Compromise

Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, slavery prohibited above __36'30" NL__ parallel. New states must have population of 60,000 and even # of free/slave states

Spoils System

Political figures/parties letting their supporters be in public office

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians West of the Mississippi River to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed, led to trail of tears

Market Revolution

Technological Inventions and Innovations change American business and society. people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves

King Cotton

Expression used by Southerners to show economic dominance of Southern cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton. It showed that if there were a civil war, the South did not need to worry about anything because they were better.

Seneca Falls Convention

“Declaration of Sentiments” first womens right's convention

Transcendentalists

belief in self and nature, emotions and the universe.

Abolitionists

People who wanted to end slavery

Temperance

movement that urged the prohibition of alcohol/outlawed alcohol

Manifest Destiny

The fate of the US to control territory from sea to sea, it was God's plan to make the US expand.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848, ended war between US and Mexico. Added lots of land to the US because Mexico gave them up, and raised debate on which territories should be free or slave. Cost $15M

Popular Sovereignty

ultimate power resides in the people and allows the residence of a state can decide if it’s slave of free state

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854, Repealed the MO Compromise, made Nebraska and Kansas states and gave the people in those states be able to chose to be a free or slave state aka popular sovereignty, caused violent uprising.

Dred Scott v Sanford

1856 Supreme Court case in which a slave, Dred Scott, sued for his freedom, he was a free man in Illinois, but a slave in Missouri. the Court ruled against Scott, causing anger in the North.

Texas Revolution

1835-1836, War between Texas settlers and Mexico for independence from Mexico. Mexico outlawed slavery, Texans did not want that.

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1866, if you are born in the US, you are a citizen, whether black or white, free or not.

15th Amendment

gave African American men the right to vote and be elected to office

Reconstruction

After the Civil War, it was a period of legislation to reunite the US

Mexico-American War

1846-1848. President James K. Polk wanted California from Mexico. Rio Grande to US, Nueces River to Mexico. Ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States, saved the Union during the Civil War, emancipated the slaves, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in Forde Theatre, Wash. DC on April 14, 1865.

Gadsden Purchase

Agreement with Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million. It finalized the border between the US and Mexican.

Road To Revolution Events

Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Lexington and Concord, Continental Congress.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction, Republicans agreed to remove federal troops for the election. Hayes vs Tilden, that means Hayes gains presidency.

Civil Rights act of 1866

Citizenship for black people and outlawed black codes, 14th amendment

John Brown

An abolitionist, he raided Missouri and freed 11 slaves. Attempted to lead a slave revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, to equip slaves with weapons, which jumpstarted the Civil War. He was hung for this.

What rights are listed in the Declaration of Independence?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

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Who was the king of England during the Revolutionary War?

King George III

Who was the daughter of Powhatan who supposedly saved John Smith?

Pocahontas

Who was the captain or leader in Jamestown?

John Smith

Who settled in Providence, RI after he was nearly banished from MA Bay?

Roger Williams

What were the settlers in Jamestown searching for?

Gold

What was the year of the Jamestown settlement?

1607

What was the year of the Massachusetts Bay settlement?

1630

What was the year of the Plymouth settlement?

1620

What was the winter of 1609 in Jamestown known as?

Starving time

What was the original name of the colony of New York?

New Netherland

What was the date of the signing of the Declaration of Independence?

July 4, 1776

What was the list of rules for the Plymouth Colony?

Mayflower Compact

What was the letter asking for peace from the Americans to King George III?

Olive Branch Petition

What religious group lived in Pennsylvania?

Quakers

What English colony was known as the "lost colony?"

Roanoke

What was the final battle of the Revolutionary War?

Yorktown

What battle was known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World?"

Lexington & Concord

Unalienable Rights

rights that cannot be taken away

Triangular Trade

Transportation of goods between Africa, the colonies, and the West Indies

Middle Passage

the route slaves endured from Africa across the Atlantic

What were American soldiers called before the creation of the Continental Army?

Minutemen

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans civilians

Mercantalism

belief that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth, competition between nations for a favorable balance of trade

Virginia and Kentucky Acts

declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. it was issued after the Alien and Sedition Acts.

judicial review

The power to decide if a law or decision is unconstitutional

Who created the Bank of the United States?

Alexander Hamilton

Impressment

kidnapping of sailors

The war hawks were associated with what event?

War of 1812

Nullification Crisis

States can refuse to ratify / enforce US Congress bills and laws. Tariff of 1828 was very unpopular in the South, so VP Calhoun wanted to nullify it. Southerners wanted to nullify it also, Jackson refused, and the South threatened to secede if not.