Psychology Test 4 Chapters 15 - 19

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44 Terms

1
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When does the aging process begin?

The aging process begins in middle adulthood, 40s-60s.

2
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What is osteoporosis?

A condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures.

3
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How can osteoporosis be treated/reduced?

By having a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol.

4
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What is presbyopia?

The age-related loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects. (Loss of near vision)

5
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What is glaucoma?

A condition involving increased pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.

6
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What is presbycusis?

Age-related hearing loss, particularly for higher-pitched sounds. (Loss of hearing usually higher pitches)

7
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What characterizes a Type A personality?

Competitiveness, impatience, hostility, and a high level of stress.

8
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What characterizes a Type B personality?

A relaxed, patient, and easygoing attitude.

9
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What are some behavioral and environmental factors related to cancer?

Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental toxins.

10
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What are some treatments for cancer?

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.

11
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What are 5 health-care screenings during Middle Adulthood

Cholesterol check- screens for heart disease risk.

Blood pressure check- screens for hypertension

Bone density test- screens for osteoporosis

Mammogram- screens for breast cancer

Colonoscopy- screens for colon cancer and polyps.

12
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What is Erikson’s theory of middle adulthood?

Generativity vs. Stagnation, focusing on contributing to society and guiding the next generation.

13
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What is Vaillant’s theory of middle adulthood?

Emphasizes 'keeping the meaning,' finding satisfaction and balance in relationships and life challenges.

14
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What does Gould suggest about middle adulthood?

Involves reevaluating life goals and commitments, moving away from false assumptions about life.

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What are the Big Five major clusters of personality traits?

OCEAN!

16
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What is neuroticism?

Includes emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.

17
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What is extroversion?

Includes sociability, enthusiasm, and assertiveness.

18
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What is openness?

Includes curiosity, imagination, and a willingness to try new experiences.

19
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What is agreeableness?

Includes kindness, trustworthiness, and cooperativeness.

20
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What is conscientiousness?

Includes responsibility, carefulness and diligence

21
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What is a gerontologist?

A person who studies aging and the problems faced by older adults.

22
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What is ageism?

Prejudice or discrimination based on age.

23
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What is secondary aging?

Aging caused by external factors, such as lifestyle and environment.

24
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What are cataracts?

Clouding of the eye’s lens, leading to vision impairment.

25
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What is arthritis?

Inflammation of the joints, causing pain and stiffness.

26
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What is dementia?

A decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life.

27
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What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A progressive neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline.

28
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What are episodic memories?

Recollections of specific events or experiences.

29
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What are semantic memories?

General knowledge and facts.

30
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What are implicit memories?

Unconscious memories, such as skills or habits.

31
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What are 5 physical, psychological or cognitive problems/disorders in Late adulthood?

  1. Arthritis: joint pain and stiffness, which can limit mobility.

  2. Dementia: Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and behavioral changes.

  3. Depression: arises from social isolation, chronic illness, or the loss of loved ones. It is often under-diagnosed in older adults.

  4. Anxiety Disorders: Increased worry or fear, about health, finances, or future uncertainties.

  5. Parkinson’s Disease: A progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and slowed movement, which affects motor and cognitive functions.

  6. Vision and Hearing Loss: Age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and age-related hearing loss

  7. Cardiovascular Diseases: Conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart disease are prevalent due to aging blood vessels and lifestyle factors.

32
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What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development in late adulthood?

Integrity vs. despair

33
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What is the integrity vs despair stage of psychosocial development?

Involves accepting one’s life or feeling regret and despair over missed opportunities.

34
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What is the honeymoon stage of retirement?

A stage of retirement marked by excitement and new activities.

35
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What is the disenchantment stage of retirement?

A stage where retirees feel disappointment or boredom.

36
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What is the reorientation stage of retirement?

Adjusting and finding a satisfying routine in retirement.

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What is Daniel Levinson’s theory of development?

Highlights life transitions and the creation of a new life structure in adulthood. (Discussed midlife crisis)

38
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What is elder abuse?

Mistreatment of older adults, including physical, emotional, or financial harm.

39
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What are the five stages of retirement?

  1. Honeymoon stage: Excitement and freedom.

  2. Disenchantment stage: Disappointment.

  3. Reorientation stage: Developing new activities.

  4. Stability stage: Settling into a routine.

  5. Termination stage: Retirement ends, often due to health decline.

40
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What is functional death?

The absence of heartbeat and respiration.

41
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What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Unexplained death of a healthy infant during sleep.

42
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What is the most frequent cause of death for adolescents?

Accidents, particularly motor vehicle accidents.

43
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What is terminal decline?

Rapid deterioration in cognitive functioning shortly before death.

44
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What are the five stages of grief according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

  1. Denial: Refusing to accept death.

  2. Anger: Feeling frustration and resentment.

  3. Bargaining: Attempting to negotiate for more time.

  4. Depression: Feeling deep sadness.

  5. Acceptance: Coming to terms with death.