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When does the aging process begin?
The aging process begins in middle adulthood, 40s-60s.
What is osteoporosis?
A condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures.
How can osteoporosis be treated/reduced?
By having a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol.
What is presbyopia?
The age-related loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects. (Loss of near vision)
What is glaucoma?
A condition involving increased pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.
What is presbycusis?
Age-related hearing loss, particularly for higher-pitched sounds. (Loss of hearing usually higher pitches)
What characterizes a Type A personality?
Competitiveness, impatience, hostility, and a high level of stress.
What characterizes a Type B personality?
A relaxed, patient, and easygoing attitude.
What are some behavioral and environmental factors related to cancer?
Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental toxins.
What are some treatments for cancer?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
What are 5 health-care screenings during Middle Adulthood
Cholesterol check- screens for heart disease risk.
Blood pressure check- screens for hypertension
Bone density test- screens for osteoporosis
Mammogram- screens for breast cancer
Colonoscopy- screens for colon cancer and polyps.
What is Erikson’s theory of middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. Stagnation, focusing on contributing to society and guiding the next generation.
What is Vaillant’s theory of middle adulthood?
Emphasizes 'keeping the meaning,' finding satisfaction and balance in relationships and life challenges.
What does Gould suggest about middle adulthood?
Involves reevaluating life goals and commitments, moving away from false assumptions about life.
What are the Big Five major clusters of personality traits?
OCEAN!
What is neuroticism?
Includes emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.
What is extroversion?
Includes sociability, enthusiasm, and assertiveness.
What is openness?
Includes curiosity, imagination, and a willingness to try new experiences.
What is agreeableness?
Includes kindness, trustworthiness, and cooperativeness.
What is conscientiousness?
Includes responsibility, carefulness and diligence
What is a gerontologist?
A person who studies aging and the problems faced by older adults.
What is ageism?
Prejudice or discrimination based on age.
What is secondary aging?
Aging caused by external factors, such as lifestyle and environment.
What are cataracts?
Clouding of the eye’s lens, leading to vision impairment.
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of the joints, causing pain and stiffness.
What is dementia?
A decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
A progressive neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline.
What are episodic memories?
Recollections of specific events or experiences.
What are semantic memories?
General knowledge and facts.
What are implicit memories?
Unconscious memories, such as skills or habits.
What are 5 physical, psychological or cognitive problems/disorders in Late adulthood?
Arthritis: joint pain and stiffness, which can limit mobility.
Dementia: Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and behavioral changes.
Depression: arises from social isolation, chronic illness, or the loss of loved ones. It is often under-diagnosed in older adults.
Anxiety Disorders: Increased worry or fear, about health, finances, or future uncertainties.
Parkinson’s Disease: A progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and slowed movement, which affects motor and cognitive functions.
Vision and Hearing Loss: Age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and age-related hearing loss
Cardiovascular Diseases: Conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart disease are prevalent due to aging blood vessels and lifestyle factors.
What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development in late adulthood?
Integrity vs. despair
What is the integrity vs despair stage of psychosocial development?
Involves accepting one’s life or feeling regret and despair over missed opportunities.
What is the honeymoon stage of retirement?
A stage of retirement marked by excitement and new activities.
What is the disenchantment stage of retirement?
A stage where retirees feel disappointment or boredom.
What is the reorientation stage of retirement?
Adjusting and finding a satisfying routine in retirement.
What is Daniel Levinson’s theory of development?
Highlights life transitions and the creation of a new life structure in adulthood. (Discussed midlife crisis)
What is elder abuse?
Mistreatment of older adults, including physical, emotional, or financial harm.
What are the five stages of retirement?
Honeymoon stage: Excitement and freedom.
Disenchantment stage: Disappointment.
Reorientation stage: Developing new activities.
Stability stage: Settling into a routine.
Termination stage: Retirement ends, often due to health decline.
What is functional death?
The absence of heartbeat and respiration.
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
Unexplained death of a healthy infant during sleep.
What is the most frequent cause of death for adolescents?
Accidents, particularly motor vehicle accidents.
What is terminal decline?
Rapid deterioration in cognitive functioning shortly before death.
What are the five stages of grief according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
Denial: Refusing to accept death.
Anger: Feeling frustration and resentment.
Bargaining: Attempting to negotiate for more time.
Depression: Feeling deep sadness.
Acceptance: Coming to terms with death.