Paper 1 Case Studies

Kaikoura Earthquake Nepal Earthquake Typhoon Haiyan Somerset Levels Floods Amazon Rainforest Sahara Desert Dorset Coastline Lyme Regis River Clyde Oxford

What year did the Kaikoura earthquake occur?

2016

What was the magnitude of the Kaikoura earthquake?

7.8

Where is Kaikoura?

southern New Zealand

How many people died at Kaikoura?

2

How many people were injured at Kaikoura?

50

What was the cost of damage in Kaikoura?

$8.5 billion

How much road was destroyed at Kaikoura?

200 km

How many landslides were triggered at Kaikoura?

up to 100000

Which river was blocked at Kaikoura?

Clarence River

What other natural hazard was a secondary effect at Kaikoura?

tsunami

What was evacuation at Kaikoura like?

200 vulnerable people were evacuated by helicopter within 24 hours

What was the response to utilities being destroyed at Kaikoura?

power was restored within a few hours and temporary water supplies were set up

What was the international immediate response at Kaikoura?

warships were sent with essential supplies

What was a long term economic response at Kaikoura?

Kaikoura Mayoral Earthquake Relief Fund supported struggling residents

How long did it take to repair transport links at Kaikoura?

2 years

What year did the Gorkha earthquake occur?

2015

What was the magnitude of the Gorkha earthquake?

7.8

Where is Gorkha?

central Nepal

How many people died at Gorkha?

9000

How many people were injured at Gorkha?

22000

What was the cost of damage at Gorkha?

$5 billion

How many people were left homeless at Gorkha?

4 million

How many people were left without access to clean water at Gorkha?

2 million

What other natural hazard was a secondary effect at Gorkha?

avalanches

Which river was blocked at Gorkha?

Kali Gandaki

What prevented emergency aid from reaching mountainous areas at Gorkha?

landslides blocking roads

What was an immediate international response at Gorkha?

India and China sent rescue teams

How many families did the Red Cross set up shelter for at Gorkha?

130000

How much money did the World Bank spend to build earthquake-resistant infrastructure in Nepal?

$500 million

When did heritage sites in Nepal reopen?

June 2015

How long did it take to reopen the road from Nepal to Tibet?

2 years

When did Typhoon Haiyan occur?

November 2013

Which country did Typhoon Haiyan affect most?

the Philippines

How many people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan?

8000

How many people were made homeless by Typhoon Haiyan?

1.9 million

How many hectares of farmland were flooded by Typhoon Haiyan?

600000

What was the cost of damage from Typhoon Haiyan?

$13 million

How many people became unemployed due to Typhoon Haiyan?

5.6 million

What disease broke out after Typhoon Haiyan?

dysentery

How many people were evacuated due to PAGASA’s warnings?

800000

How many people did Plan International construct pit latrines for after Typhoon Haiyan?

100000

What did the Filipino tourist board do after Typhoon Haiyan?

encourage people to visit unaffected areas

How much money did the UN appeal for after Typhoon Haiyan?

$300 million

When did the Somerset Levels floods occur?

2014

Where is Somerset?

south-west England

What was a natural cause of the Somerset Levels Floods?

rainfall three times higher than average

What was a human cause of the Somerset Levels Floods?

rivers had not been dredged for 20 years

How many homes were flooded on the Somerset Levels?

600

How many hectares of land were flooded on the Somerset Levels?

11500

What was the total cost of damage on the Somerset Levels?

£80 million

What did people use in Somerset to limit flood damage?

sandbags and flood boards

What group did residents set up after the Somerset Levels floods?

FLAG

What will be built at Bridgwater in response to the Somerset Levels floods?

new tidal barrage

Where is the Amazon Rainforest?

South America

What percentage of the Amazon will have been deforested by 2030 if the current rate continues?

30%

What is the largest cause of deforestation in the Amazon?

cattle ranching

What percentage of Amazonian deforestation is caused by subsistence farming?

20-25%

How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon store?

140 billion tonnes

What hazards may be caused by soil erosion in the Amazon?

landslides and flooding

How many Peruvians does the Buenaventura mining company employ?

8000

What profession has suffered unemployment due to deforestation?

traditional rubber tappers

What are the opportunities for development in the Sahara desert?

tourism, energy, agriculture, mining

What are popular tourist activities in the Sahara?

camel treks and sandboarding

What form of energy is plentiful in the Sahara?

solar energy

What animal do nomadic pastoralists raise in the Sahara?

goats

What minerals are plentiful in the Sahara?

phosphate, iron, and copper

What is the population of the Sahara?

2.5 million

What is the daily temperature variation in the Sahara?

over 40 degrees in the day to below freezing at night

How long does it take to transport salt mined in Mali out of the desert?

5 days

What is the Sahara’s annual rainfall?

less than 70mm in some areas

What is an example of an arch in Dorset?

Durdle Door

What is an example of stacks in Dorset?

Old Harry Rocks

What is an example of a tombolo in Dorset?

Chesil Beach

What is an example of a bay in Dorset?

Lulworth Cove

What are the main types of hard engineering used at Lyme Regis?

sea wall, rock armour

What does Lyme Regis’ economy depend on?

tourism

What percentage has trade increase by in Lyme Regis?

20%

Why could the Lyme Regis defences be called short-term?

they will need replacing in 60 years

Where is the River Clyde?

southern Scotland

Where are the interlocking spurs on the River Clyde?

Crawford

What towns does the River Clyde meander between?

Motherwell and Glasgow

What is the highest of the Falls of Clyde? How tall is it?

Corra Linn, 27 m

Where is the River Clyde’s estuary?

34 km west of Glasgow

What two rivers meet at Oxford?

Thames and Cherwell

When was the most intense flash flooding in Oxford?

2007

What was a negative social impact of the Oxford flood management scheme?

some people did not want to sell their land to widen the floodplain

How much will the Oxford flood management scheme cost?

£120 million

What will be the net increase in habitats at Oxford?

18 hectares

What hard engineering will be used at Oxford?

increasing the bypass channel’s capacity, building flood walls and embankments

What soft engineering will be used at Oxford?

planting 20000 shrubs