Biomedical Instrumentation II Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards based on Biomedical Instrumentation II lecture notes.

Life Support Devices

Devices required to meet a higher standard (100% PM completion rate).

Non-Life Support Devices

Devices required to meet local standards (90% PM completion rate).

Life Support Equipment

Equipment that sustains human life through different means.

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat.

Pacemaker

Small device placed under the skin to control abnormal heart rhythms using electrical pulses.

Contractile cells

Cells responsible for mechanical work in the heart.

Autorhythmic cells

Cells that initiate and conduct action potentials responsible for the contraction of working cells in the heart.

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Part of the heart's intrinsic pacemaker.

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Part of the heart's intrinsic pacemaker.

Purkinje Fiber

Part of the heart's intrinsic pacemaker.

Pacemaker Generator

Component of a pacemaker, often encapsulated in metal, containing the battery and circuits.

Pacemaker Leads

Electrical conductors covered with insulation that transmit electrical impulses to and from the heart.

Artificial Pacemakers

Medical devices that generate and deliver electrical impulses to stimulate a normal heartbeat.

Pacing function

Regular output of electrical current to depolarize cardiac tissue.

Sensing function

Response of a pacemaker to intrinsic heartbeats.

Capture function

Ability of the pacemaker to generate a response from the heart after electrical stimulation.

Permanent pacemaker

Used to treat chronic heart conditions and surgically placed.

Temporary pacemaker

Placed during emergencies for high degree heart block or unstable bradycardia.

Single-chamber pacing

One pacing lead is inserted into either the right atrium or right ventricle.

Dual-chamber pacing

Electrodes are placed into two chambers of the heart to coordinate function between atria and ventricles.

Bipolar sensing

Detects intrinsic electrical activity between the tip and ring electrode of the lead.

Unipolar sensing

Detects electrical activity between the tip of the lead.

Cathode

Negatively charged electrode in contact with the heart tissue during current flow.

Anode

Positively charged electrode that receives the electrical impulse after depolarization of cardiac tissue.

Defibrillation

Process of sending an electric shock to the heart to stop a rapid, irregular heartbeat.

Ventricular fibrillation

Serious cardiac emergency resulting from asynchronous contraction of heart muscles.

Monophasic waveform

Energy delivered in one direction through the patient’s heart during defibrillation.

Biphasic waveform

Energy delivered in both directions through the patient’s heart during defibrillation.

Oxygen concentrator

Device that provides supplementary oxygen.

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

Common non-cryogenic process for producing oxygen using adsorbents to separate air components.

Lithotripsy

Stone breaking.

Shockwave generator

Basic component of lithotripters.

Focusing system

Basic component of lithotripters.

Coupling mechanism

Basic component of lithotripters.

Electrohydraulic Lithotripters

Uses a spark source to generate a shock wave focused by an ellipsoidal reflector.

Electromagnetic Lithotripters

Uses an electrical coil and metal plate to generate an acoustic wave.

Piezoelectric Lithotripter

Uses piezoelectric crystals to form an ultrasonic wave.

Spallation

Mechanism to fragment stones in lithotripsy.

Super focusing

Mechanism to fragment stones in lithotripsy.

Squeezing

Mechanism to fragment stones in lithotripsy.

Fatigue

Mechanism to fragment stones in lithotripsy.

Cavitation

Mechanism to fragment stones in lithotripsy.

Drug administration system

Engineered technologies for targeted delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents.

Infusion Pump

Medical device used to infuse fluids, medications, or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system.

Peristaltic Mechanism

Technique for infusion pump.

Motor Pumping Mechanism

Technique for infusion pump.

Occlusion

Interruption or ineffective therapy of infusion due to blockage.

Infant Incubator

Rigid box-like enclosure to maintain a controlled environment for newborn infants.

Radiant Warmer

Body warming device to provide heat to the body, maintaining body temperature.

Phototherapy

Using light to eliminate bilirubin in the blood.