Chapter 23: Small and Large Intestine

microvilli

projections that increase the cell's surface area, important for the small intestines digestive function

Ileocecal

Valve at the junction of the small and large intestines

lacteals

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream

segmentation

Nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food forward then backward. Food mixing and slow food propulsion occur. Happens after a meal

Peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. Occurs between meals

Cecum

first part of the large intestine

colon

another name for the large intestine

sigmoid colon

an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below

Haustru

small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance

appendicitis

acute inflammation of appendix; usually results from a blockage by feces that traps infectious bacteria

metabolic functions of bacteria

Ferment indigestible carbohydrates, synthesize vitamins

digestive processes of the large intestine

-No food breakdown

•Vitamin K, made here

•Water and electrolytes are absorbed

•Propulsion of feces

motility

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called

defecation

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

distention

spinal defecation reflex