Non communicable diseases

what is health

state of well being with mental and physical aspects

communicable diseases

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another, often caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

non communicable diseases

Diseases that cannot be spread directly from person to person, often associated with genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

examples of non communicable diseases

include diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and chronic respiratory diseases.

factors affecting mental and physical health

include genetics, lifestyle choices, environmental influences, and access to healthcare.

casual mechanisms

process or sequence of events

defect in immune system means

individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

multi factorial diseases

results from environmental and genetic factors

what is one trigger for cancer

viruses living in cells

what is cervical cancer linked to

viruses present in female reproductive system

what can the reaction of immune system to pathogens trigger

allergic reactions i.e skin rashes and asthma

how do cells grow and divide

Cells grow and divide through a process called mitosis, where a single cell duplicates its genetic material and splits into two identical daughter cells.

what happens when a cell becomes cancerous

begins to grow and divide uncontrollably and may invade surrounding tissues.

a group of cancerous cells produces

a tumour, which can be benign or malignant.

benign tumour

grows slowly within a membrane so it can easily be removed and does not spread to other parts of the body.

malignant tumour

grows rapidly and invades surrounding tissues, potentially spreading to other areas of the body.

cancer cells are

undifferentiated

what causes cancer

carcinogens, genetic mutations, and lifestyle factors.

what are risk factors

anything that increases likelihood of a person developing a disease or health problem

what lifestyle factors cause cancer

such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity.

what industrial factor cause cancer

exposure to chemicals, pollutants, and radiation in the workplace.

drinking excess alcohol

damages liver which is responsible for processing and breaking down alcohol and increases the risk of several types of cancer, including liver and breast cancer.

long term alcohol abuse can lead to

patient feeling sick from liver damage and increases risk in liver disease and alcohol hepatitis

how does alcohol affect the brain

slows reaction time

causes difficulty walking

impairs memory

slurred speech

long term drinking affect on brain

brain shrinkage

memory problems

psychiatric problems

effect of alcohol on unborn babies

smaller in size

smaller brain

long term behavioural difficulties

distinctive facial features

obesity leads to

high blood pressure and build up of fatty deposits in arteries which leads to cardiovascular disease

increases likelihood of diabetes

type 2 diabetes

body cells lose their sensitivity to insulin and can no longer respond to insulin produced

how to help type 2 diabetes

control diet and exercise

type 1 diabetes

pancreas do not produce insulin so blood levels rise

treatment: insulin injection, managing diet