Light, to Matter and enegry

Transparent

Allows light to be transmitted almost unaltered.

Translucent

Light is transmitted but greatly scattered and reduced in intensity.

Opaque

Absorbs any incident light that interacts with the matter.

Reflection

Light bounces off surfaces, with the angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection.

Refraction

Light changes speed when passing from one medium to another, causing it to bend.

Diffraction

Light bends around obstacles and spreads out through narrow openings.

Polarization

Light waves oscillate in a single plane, used in sunglasses and camera filters.

Energy and Frequency Relationship

Photon energy is directly proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength.

Light Intensity

Related to the number of photons hitting a surface per unit time.

Color of Light

Determined by wavelength, ranging from 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red).

Absorption and Transmission

Light can be absorbed, transferring energy to atoms or molecules.

Nuclear Fission

Heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy.

Nuclear Fusion

Light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Particle Accelerators

Accelerate particles close to the speed of light, causing relativistic mass increase.

Creation of Particles

Energy can be converted into mass according to E = mc², producing new particles in high-energy collisions.