Ch. 13 Off-the-Field Injury Evaluation

HOPS

An approach to off-the-field injury evaluation that includes History, Observation, Palpation, and Special Tests.

Etiology

The cause of injury or disease.

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)

The method by which an injury occurs, providing insight into the injury.

Palpation

The act of touching or examining a part of the body to assess pain, swelling, or deformity.

Differential Diagnosis

A systematic method of diagnosing a disorder by prioritizing lists of possible causes.

Symptoms

Perceptible changes in the body or function indicating injury or illness; subjective in nature.

Signs

Objective and observable characteristics that indicate a specific condition.

Range of Motion (ROM)

The extent of movement of a joint, measured to assess functionality.

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

Movement performed by the patient independently while a clinician observes.

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

Movement performed by the clinician moving the patient’s limb to assess ligament integrity without muscle contribution.

Neuro Exam

A series of assessments focusing on the central and peripheral nervous systems, often reserved for concussion testing.

Pathomechanics

Mechanical forces applied to the body due to structural deviations leading to faulty alignment and injuries.

Myotome

A muscle or group of muscles innervated by a specific spinal nerve root.

Myotome

muscle innervated by a single nerve root

Progress Evaluation

An assessment method used to evaluate an athlete's ongoing recovery and readiness to return to play.

Olfactory Nerve (I)

The nerve responsible for the sense of smell.

Optic Nerve (II)

The nerve responsible for vision.

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

The nerve that controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil.

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

The nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, allowing downward and inward movement.

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

The largest cranial nerve, responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.

Abducens Nerve (VI)

The nerve that controls the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward eye movement.

Facial Nerve (VII)

The nerve responsible for facial expressions, and also for taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

The nerve responsible for hearing and balance.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

The nerve that carries taste and sensory fibers from the posterior third of the tongue and contributes to swallowing.

Vagus Nerve (X)

The nerve that innervates the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, as well as providing sensory functions from the thoracic and abdominal organs.

Accessory Nerve (XI)

The nerve that controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles for shoulder and neck movement.

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

The nerve responsible for tongue movement and strength.

Dermatome

sensory area on the skin innervated by a single nerve root