Unit 2- Period 2: 1607-1754

John Cabot

lands explored by him were in a position to be colonized by England

joint-stock companies

fincnace the risky enterprise of colonization

corporate colonies

Jamestowns; were operated by joint-stock companies, at least during these colonies’ early years

Royal colonies

Virgina after 1642; were to be under the direct authority and rule of king’s government

proprietary colonies

Maryland and Pennsylvania; were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king

Virginia Company

joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in Americas at Jamestown in 1607

Captain John Smith

through leadership of him, Jamestown survived its first five years

John Rolf and Pocohontas

married to Pocohontas; the colony developed a variety of tobacco that became popular in Europe and a profitable crop

Virginia

the colony became England’s first royal colony

Separatists

wanted to organize a completely seperate church that was independant of royal control

Pilgrims

seperists left England for Holland in search of religious freedom; called this bc of travels

Mayflower

pilgrims set sail for Virginia aboard this

Puritans

believed that the Church of England cold be reformed, or purified

John Winthrop

sailed for Massachusetts and founded Boston

Great Migration

religious and political conflict in England in the 1630s drove some 150000 settlers to the Massachusets Bay Colony

Calvert

the second Lord Baltimore

Act of Toleration

The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians; the first colonial statute also called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who moved from England to Boston in 1631

Providence

Roger Williams and a few followers founded the community of this in 1636

Anne Hutchinson

questioned the doctrines of the puritan authority; belueved in antinomainism

antinomianism

the idea that since individuals recieve salvaion through their faith alone, they were not required to follow traditional moral laws

Rhode Island

Roger williams was granted a charter from the parliament that joined Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony

Thomas Hooker

led a large group of Boston Puritans into the valley and founded Hartford in 1636

Fundamental Orders of Conneticet (1639)

established a representatie government with a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature

John Davenport

a second settlement in the Conneticut Valley was started by him in 1637 and given the name New Haven

Connecticut

New Haven joined with Hartford

New Hampshire

last colony to be founded in New England

halfway covenant

to maintain the church’s influence and membership, this was offerdd by some clergy so that people could becom partial members even if they had not felt a conversion

rice growing plantations

worked by enslaved Africans, resembeled the economy and cultrue of teh West Indies

tobacco farms

some made use of endentured servants and enslaved Africans; North Carolina in the 18th century earned areputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control

Middle Colonies

four colonies between New England and Virginia; New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Chesapeake colonies

Charles II wished to close cap between this and New England

William Penn

joined the Quakers

Quakers

aka Religious Society of Friends; group of Christians

Frame of Government (1682-1683)

guarenteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written consitiution, the Charter of Liberties (1701)

Charter of Liberties (1701)

guarenteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration

Georgia

the 13th and final British colony between Canada and the Caribean

James Oglethorpe

founded Savannah in 1733

Mayflower Compact

was an early form of self-government and a rudimentary written consititution

Navigation Acts

trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, operated only by English or colonial crews.

All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, had to pass through ports in England

specified, are enumerated goods for the colonies could be exported to England only. tobacco was the original enumerated good but over the years the list Greatly expanded.

Mercantilism

Called for strict enforcement of trade regulations,

Salutary neglect

The Atlantic ocean separated the British government from the colonies, so exerting any authority from London over to distance possessions was challenging

England faced larger problems than regulating trade. between 1642 and 1763, It was in constant turmoil. it went through the English Civil War, a revolution that replaced a monarch, and four wars with France

Britain’s colonial agents were often corrupt. as a result, colonial merchants, could evade regulations, easily, with well-placed bribes to those in charge of enforcing regulations.

Dominion of New England

James II combined NY, NJ, and the various New England colonies into this

Sir Edmund Andros

Sent from England to serve as governor of the Dominion of New England

Glorious Revolution

1688 suceded in deposing James and replacing him with William and Mary

New England Confederation

Was directed by a board composed of two representatives from each colony

Wampanoag, Metacom

Known to colonists as King Philip, United many tribes in southern New England; Metacom’s War (1675-1676) where colonial and Indian Allie’s killed Metacom and ended most American Indian resistance in New England

Sir William Berkely

The royal governor of Virginia (1641-1652; 1660-1677); used doctoral powers to govern on behalf of the large planters

Indentured servants

25 suspiciously sent to Virginia; they were actually enslaved

Other Europeans

French Protestants (Huguenots), Dutch, Swedes

Africans

Who had been taken captive, forced onto European ships, and sold as enslaved laborers

Subsistence farming

Produced just enough food for family in long winters and rocky soil

Established church

Protestant denomination

Johnathan Edwards

Among Best-known leaders of the Great Awakening was this Congregational minister from Massachusetts; reverend

Great Awakening

A movement of fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses

George Whitefield

Spread the Great Awakening through loonies in 1739

Benjamin West and John Copley

Went to english where they established themselves as prominent artists

Cotton Mather

Author on religion

Benjamin Franklin

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Phillis Wheatley

Was born in West Africa, enslaved, and living in Boston where she published a collection of her poems in 1773

John Bartram

Of Philidelphia was a self taught scientists

Sectarian

Promoting doctrines of a particular religious group

Nonsectarian

Only founded in the period was College of Philidelphia

John Peter Zenger

A NY publisher, was tried on charge of libelously criticizing NY’s royal government, Zenger’s laweyr

Andrew Hamilton

Argued that his client had printed the truth

Englightment

In 18th century, some educated Americans felt attracted to this European movement in literature and philosophy

Governor and legislature

Colonies had a similar system of gods with governor and legislature voting to adopt or reject the goernor’s propped laws