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political culture
the dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and governments.
individualism
the belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make.
laissez-faire/free enterprise
an economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and business.
rule of law
the principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law.
political socialization
the experiences and factors that shape an individualās political values, attitudes, and behaviors.
political ideology
an individualās coherent set of beliefs about government and politics.
generational effect
the impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views.
life-cycle effect
the impact of a personās age and stage in life on his or her political views.
globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of people people, businesses, and countries throughout the world.
outsourcing
when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours.
public opinion
the sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues.
focus group
a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues.
scientific poll
a representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language.
sample
a group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion.
random selection
a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over-or underrepresented any group of the population.
representative sample
a sample that reflects the demographics of the population.
weighting
a procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population.
sampling error
the margin of error in a poll, which usually is calculated to plus or minus three percentage points.
mass survey
a survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1500 responses.
entrance survey
a poll conducted of people to an event.
exit poll
a survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for and why.
benchmark poll
a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.
tracking poll
a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign.
random digit dialing
the use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents.
question order
the sequencing of questions in public polls.
question wording
the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll.
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