Pd 2:1 European Colonization in Am's

Characteristics of French

settled in Canada & Quebec; Wanted to establish fur trade with NAm’s so good relations, goals=economic, intermarriage with natives to establish trade networks with kinship ties, some conversion of natives

Characteristics of Dutch

Hudson River & New York (called New Amsterdam); no interest in conversion, all about the trade and money

Characteristics of English

economic (VA) and religious motives (New England)

did not convert natives=exclusion not inclusion

13 colonies developed differently into 3 distinct regions

New England (Massachusetts, RI, NH, Connecticut)

Middle (NY, NJ, Penn,Delaware)

Chesapeake region also Southern(Maryland & Virginia)

Southern (MD, VA, NC, SC, GA)

\*\*West Indies

Characteristics of colonization Virginia

Jamestown (joint-stock company)

economic motives, tobacco saved the colony, mild winters and long summers lead to plantation culture in southern colonies

mainly single men at first

labor=1st indentured servants, after Bacon’s Rebellion=slaves

joint-stock company

A company where ownership is divided into shares, allowing multiple investors to pool their resources and share profits and losses.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley's administration. It was a result of tensions between the wealthy planters and the poorer farmers, who wanted protection from Native American attacks. Bacon and his followers burned Jamestown and forced Berkeley to flee. The rebellion ended when Bacon died of dysentery. It revealed the growing class divide and the need for colonial leaders to address the concerns of the common people.

Characteristics of New England

Pilgrims & Puritans, came for religious motivations, came as family units

Characteristics of West Indies

sugarcane, large amount of slaves, strict black codes which were brought into SC

Characteristics of Middle Colonies

economic and religious motives

most diverse region in terms of population and religion

NY & NJ= export economy based on cereal crops= created an elite merchant class at top, then artisans and shopkeepers, then unskilled labor and women

Penn: religious freedom, Quakers, paid natives for land, women had more freedom and rights

13 colonies developed very differently; however, similar was they all established seeds of democracy

House of Burgesses (VA)

Mayflower Compact

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

middle and southern had representative govt, but elite on top (planter aristocracy)

Powhatans

The native inhabitants of Virginia who helped the English colonists by trading with them; then the relationship would turn bad as the settlers demanded more land

John Rolfe

Starts tobacco as a cash crop (the first one) and marries Pocahontas

headright system

Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborer's passage to the colony.

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government of majority rule for the Plymouth colony.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded by Puritans (non-separatists) in 1629, Saw themselves as the "city upon a hill" and believed they have a contract with God, John Winthrop

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south. Established religious freedom for everyone.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island.

Halfway Covenant

Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance when numbers started to decline because of lack of fervor, but also keep political leadership under the control respectable families; You could now be a member despite not having your conversion experience.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

First constitution in written history (1639). Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature.

Maryland

Founded by Lord Baltimore as a gift from the King and a haven for Catholics, proprietary colony

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies

Stono Rebelion

A slave uprising in South Carolina that was brutally quashed, leading to executions as well as a sever tightening of the slave codes.

Holy Experiment

name for William Penn's idea that people of different nationalities and religious beliefs could live peacefully together in his Pennsylvania colony, women had the most rights in Penn as well as they treated the Indians with respect and paid for the land they took

Proprietary Colony

a colony created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family