World History Chapter 4 - Babka

Which two European countries were the first to explore the world?

Portugal and Spain

Who traveled from Venice to China with his father and uncle?

Marco Polo

Who wrote The Travels?

Marco Polo

Why was the European ability to travel by land to Asia reduced in the 14th century?

Due to conquest by the Ottoman Turks

What was the motto for key motives for European expansion?

“Gold, glory, and God”

What belief did hernan Cortez have in regards to religion?

That indigenous people were " introduced into an instructed in the holy Catholic faith”

Which country developed the caravel?

Portugal

What trait did the caravel include?

A large cargo hold

What were the spiraling currents of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans called?

Gyres

What was the Southern coast of West Africa called by the Europeans?

The Gold Coast

Who was the first explorer to reach the tip of Africa?

Bartholomeu Dias

What was the southern tip of Africa later known as?

The Cape of Good Hope

Who was the first explorer to go around Africa to India?

Vasco da Gama

What area became known as the spice Islands?

The Moluccas

Which queen did Christopher Columbus convinced to fund his trip across the Atlantic Ocean?

Queen Isabella

What did Columbus call the areas he reached?

The Indies

Who is remembered as the first person to sail around the world?

Ferdinand Magellan

Where was Ferdinand Magellan killed?

The Philippines

What was the treaty of tordesillas?

Gave unexplored territories east of the line to Portugal, while the west of the line was given to Spain

When was the treaty of tordesillas signed?

1494

Who explored the New England coastline for the country of England?

John Cabot

Who helped establish Portugal's claim to the region that later became Brazil?

Pedro Cabral

What were the Spanish conquers of the Americas known as?

Conquistadors

What was the capital of the Aztec empire?

Ticochtitlan

Who led the Spanish force that conquered the Aztecs?

Hernan Cortez

Who did the Spanish form an alliance with before going to the Aztec City?

Tlaxcala

Who was the monarch of the Aztecs?

Montezuma ll

What disease did many Aztecs die from?

Smallpox

What Spaniard conquered the Incas?

Francisco Pizarro

What company did the Dutch people form?

The West India company

When the English seized New Netherland what did they rename it?

New York

Who founded Quebec?

Samuel de Champlain

What is a means of set principles that dominate the economic plot in the 17th century?

Mercantilism

Marcantilists believed that prosperity of a nation depends on a large supply of _______.

Bullion (gold & silver)

What is the difference of value between what a nation imports and exports called?

Balance of Trade

To encourage exports, the government stimulated the growth of __________ and _____.

Industries and trade

What are payments made to support enterprises a government thinks are beneficial?

Subsidies

What is it called when the price of imports rises, making foreign goods less attractive?

Tarriffs

What was exchanged between Europe and America during the Columbian exchange?

Plants and animals

When were plants and animals exchanged between Europe and the Americas?

The Columbian Exchange

What significantly altered the lifestyle of Native Americans on the Great Plains?

Horses

What vegetable became a basic food staple in some areas of Europe and helped increse population?

Potatoes

What did potatoes help do in some areas of Europe?

Increase Population

What two crops were exported from America to China?

Maize and Sweet Potatoes

What 3 diseases were brought by the Columbia exchange?

Smallpox, measles, and typhus

When did smallpox, measles, and typhus, spread?

During the Columbian Exchange

What was the population of Hispaniola when Columbus arrived?

250,000

What was the population in Hispianola by 1538?

500

What was Mexico's population in 1500?

25 Million

What was Mexico's population in 1630?

1 million

What is the right to use Native Americans as laborors on plantations?

Encomienda

Who formed the East India Company?

Dutch

What did the Dutch push the Portuguese out of in Southeast Asia?

Spice trade

By 1650, what nation did the British establish many trading posts in?

India

Who was Britains rival?

France

What was the war between Britain and France called?

7 years war

Why did the demand in slavery increase?

Sugarcane

What was done when the population of Native Americans could not produce enough labor to cover slavery demands?

African slave ship

When did the first African slave ship head to the Americas?

1518

The triangle trade worked by European merchant ships carrying manufactured goods to Africa where they were traded for what?

Slaves

What goods did European merchants ship back to Europe?

Tobacco, molasses, sugar, and raw cotton

How many enslaved Africans came to the Americas between 16th and 19th century?

10 million

What was the journey to the Americas from Africa called?

The middle passage

What was this society of Friends also known as?

Quakers

What is another name for Quakers?

Society of friends

When did the French end slavery?

1790s

When did the British end slave trade?

1807

When did the British abolish slavery?

1833

How many years did Magellan's Odyssey last?

3

Where was Ferdinand Magellan from?

Portugal

What country sponsored Ferdinand's Magellan's voyage?

Spain

What was the name of Magellans ship?

Victoria

How many mutinies occurred in Magellan's voyage?

2

How many men did Magellan maroon?

2

In what nations did Magellan claim to see Giants?

Argentina and Chile

What is the Latin for Pacific Ocean?

Mar pacifico

What does Mar pacifico mean?

Peaceful sea

In what battle was Magellan killed?

Battle of mactan

Where did fernand Magellan die?

Philippines

How did Ferdinand Magellan die?

Spear

Who actually circumnavigated the whole globe?

Enrique

What was the name of Magellans giant?

Paul

What did the Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe but rolled the new world called?

Peninsulaurus

They were called this because they came from the _______ peninsula.

Iberian

What were the people who were descendants of Europeans born in Latin America called?

Creoles

Over a period of three centuries how many Africans were brought to Latin America?

8 Million

What were the offspring of Europeans and Native Americans called?

Mestizos

What were the offspring between Africans and Europeans called?

Mulattoes

Overtime what did metizos become in cities?

Artisans and merchants

What was the most important resource extraction?

Gold and silver

What did the supply of gold and silver financing Spain's war stimulate further?

Colonization

What is the supply of labor that use Native Americans to pay taxes and provide labor?

Encomienda

The landowners were expected to protect ensure they were __________ in the ________ faith.

Instructed and Catholic

In Peru, the media allowed authorities to _____ _______ labor.

Draft indigenous

What was the name of the Catholic priest who spoke out against encomienda?

Bartolome de las casas

How many years did the Portuguese and Spanish empires in Latin America last for?

300

In the 16th century, the Portuguese monarchy created the position of what?

Governor-general

What is another name for the governor-general?

Viceroy

What was the first viceroy position established for?

New Spain

What was another name for the villages for the indigenous people brought together by the Catholics?

Missions