APUSH Period 4 Vocabulary

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1

Louisiana Purchase

the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million

- doubled the size of the US

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2

judicial review

the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether an act of Congress or of the president was allowed by the Constitution

- allowed the judiciary branch to check the other two branches

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3

Embargo Act of 1807

\n prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port

- brought an economic depression to the US

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4

Macon's Bill No. 2

if either Britain or France formally agreed to respect US neutral rights at sea, then the US would prohibit trade with the other

- forced France to respect the US neutral rights at sea

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5

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement

- defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe

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6

Battle of Tippecanoe

General William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh and his efforts to unite the Natives

- stopped Native resistance to expansion

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7

war hawks

new Democratic-Republicans who were eager for war with Britain

- pressured Madison to declare war against Britain

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8

War of 1812

a war fought between Britain and the US over the issues of trade and impressment

- the US gained respect in the eyes of the Europeans

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9

Hartford Convention

\n meeting by Federalists dissatisfied with the war to draft a new Constitution

- resulted in seemingly traitorous Federalist party's collapse

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10

Era of Good Feelings

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity

- the Federalist party collapsed

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11

sectionalism

loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole

- led to the Civil War (eventually)

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12

nationalism

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

- evident in the Era of Good Feelings

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13

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states

- ran for president 5 times

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14

American system

\n Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry

- helped America become an economic power

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15

Panic of 1819

severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the effort of the Bank of the United States to curb over-speculation of Western lands

- first financial crisis in the US

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16

McCullogh v. Maryland

1819 supreme court case that ruled that the states could NOT tax the federal government

- ruled in favor of the federal government

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17

Gibbons v. Ogden

\n the Court ruled that Congress has the power to regulate commerce and that federal law takes precedence over state laws

- established Congressional power

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18

Missouri Compromise

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state, and slavery was outlawed above the 36th parallel

- maintained the balance between free and slave states

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19

Rush-Bagot Agreement

\n an agreement between the US and Great Britain that stated there would be a disarmament of the US-Canadian border

- created the world's largest demilitarized zone

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20

Florida Purchase Treaty

\n the US paid $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon country, and the US surrendered its claim to Texas

- removed a European power from American borders

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21

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

- stated that the Americas were closed to further colonization

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22

Robert Fulton

a colonial American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat

- revolutionized the way Americans shipped goods and traveled

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23

interchangeable parts

uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

- manufactured goods could be quickly assembled by unskilled workers

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24

Lowell system

\n a system in which factory girls lived in dormitories within the factory and were cared for and fed there

- introduced the modern factory to the US

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25

industrialization

\n the development of industries for the machine production of goods

- made goods cheaper

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26

Market Revolution

\n the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

- established an industrial economy in the US

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27

Industrial Revolution

a period marked by rapid industrialization and economic changes

- shifted from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy

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28

urbanization

an increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements

- occurred as a result of factories in cities

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29

nativists

\n native-born Americans who want to limit immigration

- immigrants were seen as cheap labor

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30

American Party

political organization that was created after the election of 1852 by the Know-Nothings, was organized to oppose the great wave of immigrants who entered the United States after 1846

- consisted of nativists

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31

the frontier

\n an imaginary territory that symbolized the edge of the civilized east and the beginning of the wild west

- symbolized freedom and a new beginning

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32

universal male suffrage

\n all white men could vote, regardless of property and class

- did not allow for males of color nor women to vote

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33

Anti-Masonic Party

\n opponents of the Freemasons, whom they believed to be a corrupt and elitist society

- a minor political party

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34

Spoils System

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters

- exemplified by Andrew Jackson

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35

Corrupt Bargain

\n the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the Election of 1824 that stole the election from Andrew Jackson

- John Quincy Adams was named president and Henry Clay was named Secretary of State

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36

Tariff of Abominations

\n tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

- caused sectionalism to increase

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37

Revolution of 1828

the election of 1828 in which common voters increased and elected Andrew Jackson

- proved that the common people held the vote

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38

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

- pushed the Natives even further out of their homes

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39

Peggy Eaton Affair

a social scandal where many wealthy cabinet member's wives snubbed the socially unacceptable Peggy Eaton, wife of John Eaton

- effectively dissolved Jackson's cabinet

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40

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

- approximately 4,000 Cherokees died

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41

Nullification Crisis

a movement in which South Carolina attempted to nullify the Tariff of 1828

- almost led to civil war

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42

Specie Circular

an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver

- paper money was devalued

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43

Panic of 1837

\n economic crisis triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, and Andrew Jackson's efforts to curb over-speculation on western lands and transportation improvements

- partially caused by Andrew Jackson

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44

Second Great Awakening

a revival of religious feeling and belief from the 1800s to the 1840s

- Baptist and Methodist denominations increased

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45

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

ruled that Cherokees were not a state or foreign nation and therefore couldn't file a suit

- was a blow to the Native community

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46

Worchester v. Georgia

ruled that states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land

- protected Natives

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