APUSH Period 4 Vocabulary

Louisiana Purchase

the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million

\- doubled the size of the US

judicial review

the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether an act of Congress or of the president was allowed by the Constitution

\- allowed the judiciary branch to check the other two branches

Embargo Act of 1807

\n prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port

\- brought an economic depression to the US

Macon's Bill No. 2

if either Britain or France formally agreed to respect US neutral rights at sea, then the US would prohibit trade with the other

\- forced France to respect the US neutral rights at sea

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement

\- defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle of Tippecanoe

General William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh and his efforts to unite the Natives

\- stopped Native resistance to expansion

war hawks

new Democratic-Republicans who were eager for war with Britain

\- pressured Madison to declare war against Britain

War of 1812

a war fought between Britain and the US over the issues of trade and impressment

\- the US gained respect in the eyes of the Europeans

Hartford Convention

\n meeting by Federalists dissatisfied with the war to draft a new Constitution

\- resulted in seemingly traitorous Federalist party's collapse

Era of Good Feelings

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity

\- the Federalist party collapsed

sectionalism

loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole

\- led to the Civil War (eventually)

nationalism

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

\- evident in the Era of Good Feelings

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states

\- ran for president 5 times

American system

\n Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry

\- helped America become an economic power

Panic of 1819

severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the effort of the Bank of the United States to curb over-speculation of Western lands

\- first financial crisis in the US

McCullogh v. Maryland

1819 supreme court case that ruled that the states could NOT tax the federal government

\- ruled in favor of the federal government

Gibbons v. Ogden

\n the Court ruled that Congress has the power to regulate commerce and that federal law takes precedence over state laws

\- established Congressional power

Missouri Compromise

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state, and slavery was outlawed above the 36th parallel

\- maintained the balance between free and slave states

Rush-Bagot Agreement

\n an agreement between the US and Great Britain that stated there would be a disarmament of the US-Canadian border

\- created the world's largest demilitarized zone

Florida Purchase Treaty

\n the US paid $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon country, and the US surrendered its claim to Texas

\- removed a European power from American borders

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

\- stated that the Americas were closed to further colonization

Robert Fulton

a colonial American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat

\- revolutionized the way Americans shipped goods and traveled

interchangeable parts

uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

\- manufactured goods could be quickly assembled by unskilled workers

Lowell system

\n a system in which factory girls lived in dormitories within the factory and were cared for and fed there

\- introduced the modern factory to the US

industrialization

\n the development of industries for the machine production of goods

\- made goods cheaper

Market Revolution

\n the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

\- established an industrial economy in the US

Industrial Revolution

a period marked by rapid industrialization and economic changes

\- shifted from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy

urbanization

an increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements

\- occurred as a result of factories in cities

nativists

\n native-born Americans who want to limit immigration

\- immigrants were seen as cheap labor

American Party

political organization that was created after the election of 1852 by the Know-Nothings, was organized to oppose the great wave of immigrants who entered the United States after 1846

\- consisted of nativists

the frontier

\n an imaginary territory that symbolized the edge of the civilized east and the beginning of the wild west

\- symbolized freedom and a new beginning

universal male suffrage

\n all white men could vote, regardless of property and class

\- did not allow for males of color nor women to vote

Anti-Masonic Party

\n opponents of the Freemasons, whom they believed to be a corrupt and elitist society

\- a minor political party

Spoils System

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters

\- exemplified by Andrew Jackson

Corrupt Bargain

\n the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the Election of 1824 that stole the election from Andrew Jackson

\- John Quincy Adams was named president and Henry Clay was named Secretary of State

Tariff of Abominations

\n tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

\- caused sectionalism to increase

Revolution of 1828

the election of 1828 in which common voters increased and elected Andrew Jackson

\- proved that the common people held the vote

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

\- pushed the Natives even further out of their homes

Peggy Eaton Affair

a social scandal where many wealthy cabinet member's wives snubbed the socially unacceptable Peggy Eaton, wife of John Eaton

\- effectively dissolved Jackson's cabinet

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

\- approximately 4,000 Cherokees died

Nullification Crisis

a movement in which South Carolina attempted to nullify the Tariff of 1828

\- almost led to civil war

Specie Circular

an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver

\- paper money was devalued

Panic of 1837

\n economic crisis triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, and Andrew Jackson's efforts to curb over-speculation on western lands and transportation improvements

\- partially caused by Andrew Jackson

Second Great Awakening

a revival of religious feeling and belief from the 1800s to the 1840s

\- Baptist and Methodist denominations increased

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

ruled that Cherokees were not a state or foreign nation and therefore couldn't file a suit

\- was a blow to the Native community

Worchester v. Georgia

ruled that states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land

\- protected Natives