Fluid Mechanics 1

Fluid Mechanics

studies fluid behavior, both liquids and gases.

Fluid

deforms continuously under shear stress.

have fixed volume, gases expand to fill space. Fluids flow and adapt; solids resist deformation.

Density

Mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V)

Specific Gravity

:Ratio of fluid density to water density

Volume

 the space a fluid occupies.

Measured in cubic meters (m³) or liters (L)

Viscosity

measures a fluid's resistance to flow

Dynamic Viscosity

describes the fluid's internal resistance, measured in Pascal-seconds (Pa·s).

Kinematic Viscosity

is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density, measured in square meters per second (m²/s).

Surface Tension

the force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like an elastic sheet.

Capillarity

the rise or fall of a liquid in a narrow tube due to cohesive and adhesive forces

Meniscus

forms due to these forces.

Bulk Modulus

measures fluid's resistance to compression.

the ratio of pressure change to the fractional volume change

Buoyancy

upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object

Boyle’s Law

Volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature

Charles’ Law

Volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure

Ideal Gas Law

, relates pressure, volume, number of moles, gas constant, and temperature.