Quiz 1 Psyc of women

Androcentrism

Viewing men and male experiences as the norm

Benevolent sexism

Positive beliefs about women that still reinforce inequality (women need protection)

Cisgender

A person whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth

Cisgenderism

The assumption that being cisgender is superior

Critical Theory

An approach that examines power, inequality, and social structures to promote social change

Experimenter effects

When a research expectations unintentionally influence participants behavior or results

Female Deficit model

The idea that women are lacking or inferior compared to men

Feminine Evil

The belief that women are morally weaker or more dangerous than men

Feminist

A person who supports gender equality and challenges sexism

Feminist Research

Research that centers women’s experiences and challenges power imbalances

Gender

Social and cultural meanings associated with being masculine, feminine or both or neither

Gender binary

The belief that there are only two genders: male and female

Gender differences

Average differences between genders in behavior, traits or outcomes

Gender Fair Reasrch

Research designed to avoid bias against any gender

Genderqueer

An identity that does not fit within traditional gender categories

Gender similarities

The idea that men and women are more alike than different psychologically

Hostile Sexism

Overtly negative attitudes toward women

Intersectionality

How multiple identities interact to shape experiences of privilege and oppression

Intersex

People born with biological sex characters that do not fit typical male or female characteristics

Mixed methods

Research using both quantitative and qualitative approaches

Modern sexism

Subtle, indirect denial that sexism still exists

Non binary

A gender identity that is not exclusively male or female

Observer effects

When participants change behavior because they know they are being observed

Old fashioned sexism

Blatant belief that one gender is superior

overgeneralization

Drawing broad conclusions from limited or biased information

psychological measurement

Tools used to measure psychological traits (tests, scales, surveys)

Qualitative research methods

Non-numerical research (interviews, open ended resources, observations)

Quantitative research methods

Research using numbers, statistics and measurable data

Quasi-experimental design

Research that lacks random assignment but still examines cause and effect relationships

sexism

prejudice, discrimination or stereotyping based on gender

Social construction

The idea that concepts like gender are created through social and cultural processes

Trans

An umbrella term for people whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth.

transgender

A person whose gender identity does not match their sex assigned at birth.

Two Spirit

A culturally specific Indigenous identity encompassing gender, spirituality, and community roles.

Care perspective

A moral viewpoint that emphasizes relationships, empathy, and responsibility for others.

Electra complex

Freud’s idea that girls feel unconscious attraction to their father and rivalry with their mother.

Erogenous zones

Body areas that are especially sensitive to pleasure during different psychosexual stages.

Evolutionary fitness

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce successfully.

Evolutionary psychology

The study of how evolutionary processes shape human behavior.

Gender constancy

Understanding that one’s gender remains the same over time despite changes in appearance

Gender identity

A person’s internal sense of their gender.

Gender schema

Cognitive frameworks that organize information about gender roles and expectations.

Gender typing

The process of learning behaviors considered appropriate for one’s gender.

Imitation

Learning by copying others’ behaviors

Justice perspective

A moral approach focused on fairness, rights, and equality.

Modeling

Learning by observing and imitating others’ actions.

Natural selection

The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common.

Observational learning

Learning that occurs by watching others rather than through direct experience.

Oedipal complex

Freud’s theory that boys feel unconscious attraction to their mother and rivalry with their father.

Parental investment

The time, energy, and resources parents devote to raising offspring.

Phallic stage

Freud’s psychosexual stage (ages 3–6) focused on genital awareness.

Phallocentric

Centered on male perspectives or valuing masculinity as dominant.

Psychoanalytic theories

Theories emphasizing unconscious motives and early childhood experiences (Freud).

Queer theory

A framework that challenges fixed categories of gender and sexuality.

Schema

Mental structures that organize knowledge and guide understanding.

Self-efficacy

Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific tasks or situations.

Sexual double standard

Different social expectations for sexual behavior of men versus women.

Sexual selection

Evolutionary process where traits increase mating success rather than survival.

Social role theory

Theory that gender differences arise from societal roles assigned to men and women

Sociobiology

Study of how biological evolution influences social behavior.

Superego

The moral component of personality that internalizes societal rules.

Womb envy

The idea that men may envy women’s ability to bear children.