Forestry Knowledge Vocab

studied byStudied by 48 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Acre

1 / 117

118 Terms

1

Acre

Ten square chains, or 208.7ft. by 208.7ft. square, or 43,560 square ft.

New cards
2

Afforestation

Establishment of a forest or stand in an area not previously forested.

New cards
3

Age-Class

Classification of a stand of trees based on when regeneration started.

New cards
4

Rotation-Age

Age at which a tree is ready to harvest.

New cards
5

Annual Ring

A summer and spring ring representing one growth year.

New cards
6

All-Aged

A stand of timber where all age classes are represented.

New cards
7

Aspect

Direction the slope faces.

New cards
8

Azimuth

Three hundred sixty (360) degres on a compass.

New cards
9

Back-Fire

Fire set along a control line which burns back into the fire.

New cards
10

Inner Bark

Area between the cambium and periderm.

New cards
11

Outer Bark

Layer of tissue outside of the last periderm layer.

New cards
12

Bearing Compass

A compass set up with four (4) 90 degree quadrants.

New cards
13

Tree Biomass

Weight of complete trees (living material).

New cards
14

Board Foot

The volume equivalent to a board one inch thick x twelve inches wide x one foot long.

New cards
15

Bole

Trunk or stem of a tree.

New cards
16

Breast Height

A point on a tree 4.5 ft. above the ground on the uphill side of a tree.

New cards
17

Controlled Burning

A deliberately started fire to accomplish a particular management purpose.

New cards
18

Burning Prescription

Describes the conditions and results to be garnered from a control burn.

New cards
19

Buck

To cut logs into specific lengths.

New cards
20

Butt Log

The first log above the stump.

New cards
21

Cambium

Growing tissue, produces xylem, and phloem, that is part of the inner bark.

New cards
22

Chain

66ft. Measurement unit, or four (4) rods long.

New cards
23

Chaparral

A thicket of low, evergreen oaks or dense tangled brushwood.

New cards
24

Season Check

Lengthwise separation of wood which goes or extends across the rings of annual growth and is caused by stress during seasoning.

New cards
25

Clearcutting

Area in which the entire timber stand has been cut.

New cards
26

Codominant

Trees which are the average level of the canopy and receive light on the top but not necessarily on all sides of the crown.

New cards
27

Conifer

A cone-bearing tree usually evergreen.

New cards
28

Cord

Unit of measurement for stocked wood, four by four ft. by 8ft. (4'x4'x8') or 128 cubic feet.

New cards
29

Crown

The part of the tree or woody plant bearing live branches and foliage.

New cards
30

Crown fire

Fire which has moved into the tops of the trees.

New cards
31

Cruise

Survey of forest lands to locate and estimate volume and grades of standing timber.

New cards
32

Cubic Foot

A unit of true volume that measures 1x1x1ft or the equivalent of 12 board feet.

New cards
33

Cunit

A unit of volume, usually pulpwood, that measures 100ft^3.

New cards
34

Cull

Any item of production, e.g., trees, logs, lumber, or seedlings, rejected because it does not meet certain specifications of usability or grade.

New cards
35

Deciduous

Trees which usually drop all of their leaves more or less at one time, usually in the fall.

New cards
36

Mill Deck

Platform where logs are held in the sawmill prior to sawing.

New cards
37

Log Defect

Any irregularity or imperfection in a log or lumber product which reduces the volume of sound wood or lowers the durability, strength or utility value.

New cards
38

Dendrology

Identification or systematic classification of trees.

New cards
39

Crown Density

The compactness of foliage of the crowns of trees and shrubs.

New cards
40

Dioecious

Male and female flowers produced on separate plants.

New cards
41

Dominant

Trees whos crowns extend above the average level of the forest canopy. They receive direct sunlight from above and some from the sides.

New cards
42

Duff

Organic debris in various stages of decomposition on top of the mineral soil.

New cards
43

Ecology

The study of interrelationships between living organisms and the environment.

New cards
44

Even-Aged Management

Applied to a stand where relatively small age differences exist between individual trees. The maximum age difference is usually 10 to 20 years.

New cards
45

Tree Farm

Area usually privately owned which is dedicated to the production of timber products.

New cards
46

Surface Fire

A fire which burns over forest floor and burns only the surface litter, loose debris and small vegetation.

New cards
47

Exploitation

Use of natural resources with economic greed as the primary motivation and the manipulation of the environment with no consideration for sustained yield.

New cards
48

Fire Break

A barrier existing or constructed before a fire to serve as a line from which work can be facilitated. Inflammable materials have been removed from the area and it is designed to stop creeping or running fires.

New cards
49

Multiple Use of the Forest

Management of the forest with concern for all natural resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, mining, watershed, and range. All of the uses are used without the harming or detrimental affects on the other uses.

New cards
50

Gall

A pronounced localized swelling of modified structure which occurs on plants usually as the result of the irritation or stimulus by another organism.

New cards
51

Girdle

To completely encircle the bole of a tree with cuts that completely sever the cambium layer eventually killing the tree.

New cards
52

Ground Fire

A fire which burns in the organic matter and down into the soil and roots.

New cards
53

Habitat

The site or area in which the plants or animals live. The unit area of the environment synonymous with site.

New cards
54

Hardwood

The inner core of the woody stem or bole wholly composed of nonliving cells and usually has a darker color.

New cards
55

Hectare

A unit of land measure within the metric system. About 2.471 acres.

New cards
56

Heeling In

Placing small bundles of bare-root seedlings in a shallow trench or hole and covering the roots.

New cards
57

Herbicide

A chemical used for killing or controlling the growth of plants.

New cards
58

Humus

Plant and animal residue of the duff which is in varying stages of decomposition.

New cards
59

Hypsometer

Instrument used to measure tree height using geometric or trigonometric principles.

New cards
60

Intermediate cuts

Harvest of trees made before a final harvest.

New cards
61

Intolerance

Inability of a tree to develop and grow in shade or in competition with other trees.

New cards
62

Kerf

Saw width of cut made by the saw. Basically sawdust residue.

New cards
63

Litter

Organic materials on upper layer of the duff.

New cards
64

Log

a) To cut and deliver logs aka logging.

New cards
65

b) Tree segments, cut to length and suitable for lumber.

New cards
66

Lookout

A station used for detection of fires. Usually a tower at a high point so a good view of the forest is available.

New cards
67

Lop

To cut limbs from trees, whether standing, felled, or fallen.

New cards
68

Maturity

Age beyond which growth declines in a given species.

New cards
69

Mensuration

Science of measurement of volume and growth and development of individual trees and stands and of the products they produce.

New cards
70

Merchantable Log

Size of a log, usually 16 ft., which is marketable.

New cards
71

Mixed Stand

Less than 75% of the stems in the stand are of the same species.

New cards
72

Monoecious

Having male and female flowers on the same plant.

New cards
73

Overrun

Excess amount of lumber actually sawed from the logs compared to the estimated volume from scaling.

New cards
74

Overstory

Upper crown cover.

New cards
75

Pathology

Study of science of diseases of forest trees or stands, and the deterioration of the products by the organisms.

New cards
76

Pheloem

Inner bark, just outward of the cambium, that translocates food made in the leaves down to the branches, twigs and roots.

New cards
77

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants manufacture food and oxygen.

New cards
78

Pole (size class)

Name for trees less than 12 inch dbh. Young: dbh of 4 inches. Small: 4 to 8 inch dbh. Large: 8 to 12 inch dbh.

New cards
79

Pruning

The removal of live or dead stems from dead or living trees.

New cards
80

Pulpwood

Wood cut or prepared primarily to be used in wood pulp manufacture for paper products, etc.

New cards
81

Reforestation

The natural or artificial restocking of an area with forest trees.

New cards
82

Rot

Wood in a state of decay.

New cards
83

Rotation

The period of years required to establish and grow a timber crop to a specified condition of maturity.

New cards
84

Sapling (size class)

A tree usually 3-10 ft. in height with a 2-4 inch dbh. Not over 4 inch dbh.

New cards
85

Sapwood

The light colored wood which conducts water and nutrients to the crown of the tree.

New cards
86

Saw Timber

Trees that yield logs of suitable size and quality to be made into lumber.

New cards
87

Scale

Measuring to determine the sound volume or contents of a log or group of logs.

New cards
88

Seasoning

The process of reducing the moisture content of wood or lumber by exposing it to air or using a kiln.

New cards
89

Section

An area of land one mile square containing 640 acres.

New cards
90

Seeding

Planting of seed by man or by natural process.

New cards
91

Seeding (size class)

A tree usually grown by natural process from seed that is less than three ft. tall and smaller than a sapling.

New cards
92

Seed tree

A mature tree left for natural seed regeneration or for seed collection.

New cards
93

Shake

A lengthwise separation of the wood usually between the annual growth rings.

New cards
94

Shelterwood

The establishment of natural reproduction with a partial shade left to protect the young seedlings. Removal pf the mature timber in a series of cuttings, cuts not more than 25% or less than 1/10th of the stand.

New cards
95

Shrub

A woody perennial with a multiple branching stem.

New cards
96

Silviculture

The growing or the art and science of tending the forest.

New cards
97

Site

An area considered as to its environmental or ecological factors.

New cards
98

Site index

A species-specific measure of actual or potential forest productivity expressed in terms of the average height of trees at a specified index or base age.

New cards
99

Slash

The debris and materials (limbs, etc.) left over from logging.

New cards
100

Snag

A standing dead tree usually over 20ft. in height. Under 20ft. is termed a stub.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 71 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard25 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard34 terms
studied byStudied by 47 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard40 terms
studied byStudied by 65 people
Updated ... ago
4.2 Stars(5)
flashcards Flashcard56 terms
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard48 terms
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard102 terms
studied byStudied by 24 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard49 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard124 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)