AP Euro - Sci Rev Terms Quiz

terms 17-40

Celestial

Related to the sky, space, or heavens.

Geocentric

Belief that Earth is the center of the universe.

Heliocentric (F)

Model stating the sun is at the center of the universe/solar system.

Ptolemaic System

Ancient geocentric model by Ptolemy with complex planetary orbits (epicycles).

Nicholas Copernicus - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (F)

Book proposing the heliocentric model.

Tycho Brahe

Astronomer who made extremely accurate observations; proposed a mixed Earth-sun system.

Johannes Kepler - The New Astronomy

Work where he introduced laws of planetary motion (elliptical orbits).

Galileo Galilei - Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems (F)

Books describing his telescope discoveries, sunspots, and his defense of heliocentrism.

René Descartes - Discourse on Method (F)

Work outlining his philosophy of doubt and rationalism ("I think, therefore I am").

Deduction

Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions.

Induction

Reasoning from specific observations to general principles.

Isaac Newton - Principia Mathematica, Optics (F)

Books presenting laws of motion, gravity, and experiments with light.

Scientific Method

Systematic process of observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion.

Scientific Induction

Forming general scientific laws from repeated observations and experiments.

Philosophical Inquiry

Using reason and questioning to investigate big ideas about knowledge, existence, and ethics.

Francis Bacon - Novum Organum (F)

Work promoting experimental science and inductive reasoning.

Blaise Pascal - Pensées

Collection of thoughts on religion, human nature, and reason- book

Robert Boyle

Father of modern chemistry; known for Boyle's Law (gas pressure ↔ volume).

Anatomy

Study of the structure of the human body.

Andreas Vesalius - On the Structure of the Human Body (F)

Foundational work in anatomy based on human dissections.

William Harvey - On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (F)

Work proving blood circulates continuously through the body.

Robert Hooke

Scientist who discovered cells and improved microscopes.

Carolus Linnaeus

Created the modern system for classifying and naming organisms (taxonomy).

Astronomy

The scientific study of celestial objects (stars, planets, moons, galaxies), space, and the universe as a whole.