Community Health Nursing (Exam 1)

Public Health

health promotion and disease prevention

Community Health

health promotion in a specific geographic area, specific area

Population Health

focuses on needs of a specific group

Goal of Community Health Nursing

decrease health inequities, address social determinants of health

Ecological Model

factors that influence health behavior in society

Health Belief Model

internal motivation for improving health

Stages of Change (Transtheoretical) Model

readiness to adopt health behaviors

Social Cognitive Theory

beliefs about self and interpersonal relationships

Downstream Thinking

current problems, narrow focus

Upstream Thinking

focus on larger social issues

Pander's Health Promotion Model

Internal motivation factors to adopt a healthy lifestyle

Population

a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common

Aggregate

members of a community typically belong to many various populations or subpopulations

Which of the following disciplines describes a nurse who is focused on a specific group of people and their barriers to health care resources?

a. community health

b. population health

c. public health

d. global health

b. population health

Core Functions of Public Health

assessment, policy development, assurance

Global Health

the health of nations as they interact with other nations, countries work together to reduce health inequities and improve health outcomes

The purpose of public health core functions is to:?

a. clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health

b. ensure the safety of populations in receiving quality health care

c. provide community-based individualized care to every person in the U.S.

d. unite public and private providers of care in a comprehensive approach to providing health care

a. clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health

A public health department ensures essential community-oriented health services are available in the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?

a. policy development

b. assessment

c. assurance

d. scientific knowledge-based care

c. assurance

Goal of Primary Prevention

prevention of illness, targets health individuals/communities

Goal of Secondary Prevention

early detection/treatment, targets those "at risk"

Goal of Tertiary Prevention

minimize complications and maximize health, targets individuals with health conditions

Founder of Public Health Nursing

Lillian Wald

Founder of Modern Nursing

Florence Nightingale

Elizabeth Poor Law (1601)

guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and "lame" individuals, even those without family

Shattuck Report (1850)

establishment of a state health department, sanitary surveys, environmental sanitation, food, drug, and disease control, well-childcare, health education, and teaching of preventative medicine in medical school

Which of the following current laws is the Elizabethan Poor Law similar to?

a. HIPPA

b. Medicare

c. Medicaid

d. ADA

c. Medicaid

Jessie Sleet Scales

first Black public health nurse

Margaret Sanger

known for advocating for women's reproductive rights, credited for coining phrase

"birth control"

Lina Rogers

first U.S. school nurse

Dr. Edward Jenner (1700s)

developed smallpox vaccine

What was Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health?

c. caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions

b. using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions

c. writing the Elizabethan Poor Law to guarantee medical care for all

d. founding for the district nursing association to provide health care to needy people

b. using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions

What was Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing?

a. founding the American Nurses Association

b. developing the New York Training Hospital for Nurses

c. creating the Public Health Service

d. establishing the Henry Street Settlement

d. establishing the Henry Street Settlement

What year was the Social Security Act?

1965

What are the newest threats to health in the U.S. that community health nurses deal with?

a. Diphtheria, cholera, and typhoid fever

b. HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism

c. Plague and pneumonia

d. polluted water and air, poor sanitation

b. HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism

Goals of the World Health Organization

address global emergencies, improve health care inequities, promote health worldwide

Goals of UNICEF

protect children's rights, provide emergency relief, clean water, sanitation, etc.

CMS

centers for Medicare and Medicaid services

Global Health Concerns

climate change, food insecurity, human trafficking

Self-Determination

informed consent, decision-making

A nurse is administering the shingles vaccine at a local senior center and provides pamphlets with details about the vaccine and its purpose. Which of the following categories of client's rights is the nurse providing?

a. self-determination

b. confidentiality

c. redress

d. information

d. information

A nurse is caring for a client who does not have a proper understanding of a surgical procedure that is scheduled for the next day. The nurse notifies the client's provider. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating?

a. client education

b. client advocacy

c. accountability

d. autonomy

b. client advocacy

Autonomy

ability to explain one's actions and make informed decisions independently, nurse must respect client's decision

Beneficence

actively promote all good benefits, protect one form harm by taking positive action helping others, nurses must act in the best interest of the client

Nonmaleficence

Practice of "do no harm" by balancing the risks and benefits of care, nurses actively seeks to do no harm to clients and promote good actions on behalf of their clients

Justice

principles of fairness, commitment to provide fair treatment on the basis of equality and equity, nurses ensure that all care and resources are provided fairly throughout the population

A community health nurse is caring for a client who informs the nurse that they need a kidney transplant, but their insurance has been discontinued. Which ethical principle should the nurse be aware of to provide resources for the client?

a. veracity

b. autonomy

c. accountability

d. justice

d. justice

Which of the following ethical tenets underlie the core function of assessment? SATA

a. competency: the persons assigned to develop community knowledge are prepared to collect data on groups and populations

b. moral character: the persons selected to develop, assess, and disseminate community knowledge possess integrity

c. service to others over a self: a necessary condition of what is "good" or "right" policy

d. "do no harm:" disseminating appropriate information about groups and populations is morally necessary and sufficient

e. providers of public health services should be competent and available

a. Competency: The persons assigned to develop community knowledge are prepared to collect data on groups and populations b. Moral character: The persons selected to develop, assess, and disseminate community knowledge possess integrity d. "Do no harm": Disseminating appropriate information about groups and populations is morally necessary and sufficient

A nurse becomes actively involved in the development of a health policy in the community. Which of the following describes why this is an important role of the nurse?

a. government and policy have a large impact on nursing and health

b. policy affects nursing values as set forth by Florence Nightingale

c. political science is a course of study that parallels nursing

d. nurses must interpret laws to fit their practice

a. government and policy have a large impact on nursing and health

A nurse is observing behaviors that may be defined by culture. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to observe?

a. speaking a dialect of a language in a local region

b. standing when an older adult gets on the bus to give him or her a seat

c. immigrating to the United States and seeking work

d. an organizational structure of a cultural group

b. standing when an older adult get on the bus to give him or her a seat

Cultural Competence

having the ability to deliver care the values the differences in others and includes preferences in the care

A nurse will be using an interpreter during a client encounter. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse? SATA

a. it is appropriate to use family members as interpreters

b. written materials should be available in the client's primary language

c. observe the interpreter's gestures to ensure client's understanding

d. the gender, age, and educational level of the interpreter should be evaluated

e. the nurse should face the interpreter when speaking

b. written materials should be available in the client's primary language

c. observe the interpreter's gestures to ensure client's understanding

d. the gender, age, and educational level of the interpreter should be evaluated

Madeline Leininger's Sunrise Model

three phases:

- culture of maintenance/preservation

- culture of negotiation/accommodation

- culture of restructuring/repatterning

Public health administrators provide part-time translators to a health department serving indigent immigrants. Which of the following best describes what is being addressed?

a. policy development

b. quality

b. assurance

d. libertarian philosophy

b. assurance

Structural Inequities

the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and systemic drivers that make those identities important to the fair distribution of health opportunities and outcomes

Public Sector

health care delivered and regulated by the government (CDC, DHHS, Veteran's Health Administration), paid for with taxes

Private Sector

health care provided outside the government subsidies, agency, institution, or company owned by individuals or group of individuals

Children's Health Insurance Program (1997)

insurance for low-income children not eligible for Medicaid

A nurse is sharing information about public sector health programs with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the source of funding for Medicare?

a. office of the president

b. contributions from congress

c. taxpayer contributions

d. accounts established by corporations

c. taxpayer contributions

A nurse is teaching about health insurance options with a young adult who has recently become disabled. The nurse should identify that the client's disability might make them eligible for which of the following health insurance programs?

a. diagnosis-related group

b. Health States Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA)

c. Medicare

d. TRICARE

c. medicare