Biol 216: The Neuron - Ion Channels and Action Potentials

This set of flashcards is designed to help students review key vocabulary related to the topic of ion channels and action potentials in neurons.

Action Potential

The abrupt and transient change in membrane potential that occurs when a neuron conducts an electrical impulse.

Resting Potential

The unique ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron when it is not conducting an action potential.

Voltage Gated Channels

Channels that open or close in response to changes in membrane voltage.

All or None Principle

Once threshold is reached, depolarization occurs and an action potential fires regardless of stimulus strength.

Refractory Period

The time after an action potential during which a neuron cannot generate a new action potential.

Absolute Refractory Period

The period during which a second action potential cannot be initiated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Relative Refractory Period

The period during which a stronger-than-threshold stimulus can initiate another action potential.

K+ Leak Channels

Ungated channels that allow potassium ions to flow across the membrane in a resting neuron.

Sodium Potassium Pump

A protein that pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell to maintain resting potential.

Depolarization

The process by which the membrane potential becomes less negative, often leading to an action potential.