Anatomy Ch 8 The Skeletal System (unfinished)

axial

axis of the body (skull, vertebrae, sternum, and rib cage)

appendicular

appendages (pectoral and pelvic girdles, arms and legs

articulations

condyle, facet, head

condyle

rounded knob that articulates with another bone

facet

smooth flat, slightly concave or convex surface

head

prominent expanded end of the bone, maybe rounded

epicondyle

projection superior to a condyle

lines

slightly raised, elongated ridge

process

bony prominence

protuberance

bony outgrowth

spine

sharp, slender, or narrow process

trochanter

two large processes associated with femur

tubercle

small rounded process

tuberosity

rough elevated surface

type of depressions

alveolus, fossa, fovea, sulcus

alveolus

socket

fossa

shallow, broad, or elongated basin

fovea

small pit

sulcus

groove for blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

canal

tunnel in a bone (parallel with the bone)

foramen

hole through bone (perpendicular to bone)

fissure

slit through a bone

meatus

opening into canal

sinus

air filled space in bone

skull

composed of 22 bones

• cranial (direct contact with meninges and brain)

• facial (no contact wit meninges or brain)

• infant (anterior fontanelle/bregma “soft spot”

Sutures (coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

contains various cavities and sinuses (cranial, orbits, nasal, oral) and (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary)

the skull in infancy and childhood

skull bone are not yet fused, fontanels (spaces between cranial bones which are anterior, posterior, sphenoid, mastoid), the frontal and mandible are two separate halves at birth, and the skull grows more rapidly than the rest of the skeleton