FBLA MIS

"Ordinary" OS Files

An ordinary file is a file on the system that contains data, text, or program instructions. In this tutorial, you look at working with ordinary files.

Advantages of Objects

Reduced Maintenance, Real-World Modeling, Improved Reliability, High Code Re-usability.

Apache HTTP Server

The most common Web server today, controlling 46 percent of the market.

Characteristics of Data Quality

Accuracy, accessibility, comprehensiveness, consistency, timelessness, precision, and relevancy.

Computer Based Information System

A complementary network of computer-based hardware or software used to collect, filter and process data or other relevant information.

Data Cleanup

The process of detecting and correcting (or removing) corrupt or inaccurate records from a record set, table, or database.

Data Dictionary

A centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format.

Data Flow Diagram

A graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modeling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated.

Data Modeling

The process of creating a data model for an information system by applying formal data modeling techniques.

Data Redundancy

Data redundancy occurs in database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables.

Deterrence Controls

Safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, counteract or minimize security risks relating to personal property, or computer software.

File Management

The manipulation of documents and data in files on a computer.

HTML

The main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.

DHTML

is an umbrella term for a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated web sites[1] by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation definition language (such as CSS), and the Document Object Model.

XML

a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

Management Information System

The MIS provides information that organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively.

Non-CGI Gateway

A gateway that does not utilize dynamic content on web pages and web applications.

Object Oriented Data Models

(OODM) has been defined for logical database design and database access. The OODM accommodates three types of relationship - aggregation, generalisation and particularisation - and provides four types of data operations for defining schema, creating database, retrieving objects and expanding objects.

Object Privileges

A system privilege is the right to perform a particular action or to perform an action on any object of a particular type. Objects include tables, views, materialized views, indexes, sequences, cache groups, replication schemes and PL/SQL functions, procedures and packages.

Object-Oriented Software Approach

(OOSE) It is the first object-oriented design methodology to employ use cases to drive software design.

Parts of the Expert System

An expert system is typically composed of at least three primary components. These are the inference engine, the knowledge base, and the working memory.

Physical Database Design

The process of producing a detailed data model of a database. This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a Data Definition Language, which can then be used to create a database.

Primary Key

A key that uniquely defines the characteristics of each row. The primary key has to consist of characteristics that cannot collectively be duplicated by any other row.

Process Modeling

The activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current process may be analyzed and improved.

Recursive Relationship

It connects a single class type (serving in one role) to itself (serving in another role)

Relational Table

A set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical columns (which are identified by their name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect.

Schema

A structure described in a formal language supported by the database management system (DBMS) and refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how a database is constructed (divided into database tables in case of Relational Databases).

SDLC Project

A term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.

System-Level Security

The application of a computer system to process information with incompatible classifications (i.e., at different security levels), permit access by users with different security clearances and needs-to-know, and prevent users from obtaining access to information for which they lack authorization.

Virtual Memory

A memory management technique that is implemented using both hardware and software. It maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory.

Forms

Forms are sometimes referred to as "data entry screens." They are the interfaces you use to work with your data, and they often contain command buttons that perform various commands.

Reports

Reports are what you use to summarize and present data in the tables. A report usually answers a specific question, such as "How much money did we receive from each customer this year?" or "What cities are our customers located in?"

Queries

Their most common function is to retrieve specific data from the tables. The data you want to see is usually spread across several tables, and queries allow you to view it in a single datasheet.

Macros

A simplified programming language which you can use to add functionality to your database. For example, you can attach a macro to a command button on a form so that the macro runs whenever the button is clicked.

Modules

A module is a collection of declarations, statements, and procedures that are stored together as a unit. A module can be either a class module or a standard module. Class modules are attached to forms or reports, and usually contain procedures that are specific to the form or report they're attached to. Standard modules contain general procedures that aren't associated with any other object.

Knowledge Base

The knowledge base is a collection of rules or other information structures derived from the human expert. Rules are typically structured as If/Then statements.

Interface Engine

The inference engine is the main processing element of the expert system. The inference engine chooses rules from the agenda to fire. If there are no rules on the agenda, the inference engine must obtain information from the user in order to add more rules to the agenda. It makes use of knowledge base, in order to draw conclusions for situations. It is responsible for gathering the information from the user, by asking various questions and applying it wherever necessary.

Working Memory

Working memory contains the data that is received from the user during the expert system session. Values in working memory are used to evaluate antecedents in the knowledge base. Consequences from rules in the knowledge base may create new values in working memory, update old values, or remove existing values.

Preliminary analysis

The objective of phase 1 is to conduct a preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits and submit a preliminary plan with recommendations.

Systems analysis, requirements definition

Defines project goals into defined functions and operation of the intended application. Analyzes end-user information needs.

Systems design

Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudocode and other documentation.

Development

The real code is written here.

Integration and testing

Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.

Acceptance, installation, deployment

The final stage of initial development, where the software is put into production and runs actual business.

Maintenance

During the maintenance stage of the SDLC, the system is assessed to ensure it does not become obsolete. This is also where changes are made to initial software. It involves continuous evaluation of the system in terms of its performance.

Evaluation

Some companies do not view this as an official stage of the SDLC, but is it an important part of the life cycle.

Disposal

In this phase, plans are developed for discarding system information, hardware and software in making the transition to a new system.