biotech 3rd round of pgs

These flashcards summarize key concepts related to Plant Transgenesis, providing a useful study tool for understanding genetic engineering in plants.

What is Plant Transgenesis?

The direct transfer of genes to plants.

What are some examples of products developed through Plant Transgenesis?

Plant vaccines and plants that produce their own pesticides and are resistant to herbicides.

How many farmers planted transgenic crops in 2008 and in how many countries?

13.3 million farmers in 25 countries.

What percentage of soybeans, corn, and cotton in the US were transgenic in 2018?

94% of soybeans, 97% of corn, and 90% of cotton.

What is the purpose of conventional selective breeding in plant development?

To increase desirable traits through sexual cross and backcrossing.

What is Polyploidy and how does it affect plant size?

Polyploidy involves increasing the number of chromosomes, which can lead to larger fruits and vegetables.

What is Protoplast Fusion?

The fusion of two protoplasts from different species to create hybrid plants.

What roles do cytokinin and auxin play in Plant Tissue Culture (PTC)?

Cytokinin promotes shoot growth while auxin promotes root formation.

What is the Ti plasmid and its role in the leaf fragment technique?

The Ti plasmid from Rhizobium radiobacter integrates with the DNA of dicot plants to promote callus formation and plant development.

What is the function of Gene Guns in plant transformation?

Gene Guns are used to shoot tiny metal beads coated with DNA into plant cells.

What is Chloroplast Engineering?

A method where chloroplast DNA is modified, which allows for stable gene expression without transferring to distant crops.

What is the difference between polycistronic and monocistronic mRNA?

Polycistronic mRNA can code for multiple proteins, while monocistronic mRNA codes for a single protein.

What is Antisense Technology?

A method that involves inserting a complementary copy of a gene to inactivate normal mRNA.

Give an example of a product developed using Antisense Technology.

Flavr Savr tomato.